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ry appearance； commonly known to the local dwellers as Colorado salmon。 Specimens have been caught two feet eight inches in length； and sixteen inches in circumference； and a fortunate fisherman brought one up to El Tovar； which was nearly three feet in length。
Camping at the River。 It is a delightful experience to remain over night and sleep on the river sand； especially if the moon be at its full。 Then one sees great walking shadowsmoving； living； palpable entities。 Towers and buttes and temples take on new qualities under the softer luminary of the night。
Here； too； one gets to know the Canyon in a new phase。 He is in the trough between two ranges of mountains。 To the north and to the south are towering peaks。 You forget that you have ridden down； down； to reach this spot。 You are in a new country。 A majestic range of glorious peaks soars away above you to the north。 Now； by merely turning in the other direction； you see another and entirely different range； with peaks； canyons； ravines； gorges； points； ridges all its own。
The Return to El Tovar。 Riding back to El Tovar； with thoughts like these； the visitor imagines himself riding to a City Celestial。 He reaches the plateau； studies for a while the unique coloring of the Algonkian strata just above the Granite Gorge； and sees where the faulting has raised them above the Tonto sandstones。 Then； steadily looking upward； he rides forward； climbing slowly but surely to the peaks above。 Tired though he is； he feels a constant thrill of satisfaction as he rises higher and higher； and when； at last； his animal lifts him to the level of El Tovar； and he stands once more in his room at the hotel； he feels an exaltation vouchsafed only to those who have dared and done an unusual thing。 And this the Canyon is！ No matter how often the trip is made； the interest of it never tires； the wonder of it never grows less。
CHAPTER IX。 To Grand View And Down The Grand View Trail
To Grand View。 One may go by regular stages or by private conveyance from El Tovar to Grand View。 The distance to the hotel is fourteen miles。 The drive is through the glens and winding roads of the Coconino Forest； with junipers； pines； sage…brush； atriplex and the beautifully flowered Cowania Mexicana； or mountain mahogany； commonly known as the quinine tree； abounding on every hand。 Though comparatively close to the Canyon； one seldom catches a glimpse of it； for the country slopes away from the rim。 The ride is through a thickly forested region of giant pines。
Varieties of Flowers and Shrubs。 During the season of flowers one will be surprised at the great diversity presented。 There are varieties of artemisia or sage…brush； antennaria； columbine； the barberry； spiraea； Russian thistle； eriophyllous； chrysothamnus； plantago； dandelions； lepidium； chaenactic； linum； hosackia； cirsium； astragulus； ambrosia； euphorbia； pleustemon； achillea millefolium； erodium； or stork's bill； orthocarpous； vilia； solidago； lactuca； helianthus； erigeron； brickellia； malvastrum； ptelea or a desert hop…tree； polygonum； sphedra； lupines； castilleia； lathyrus； verbena and a score of others。 I merely name those I saw on one day's drive to and from Grand View； so that the botanist； amateur or professional； may know the rich treat there is in store for him。 For； under the peculiar climatic conditions here； many of these more common plants present singular variations。
When about half the distance is passed； the road enters Long Jim Canyon； so named after a well…known sheepherder of the early days who used to wander here with his sheep。
Pompey's Pillar and Thor's Hammer。 Shortly before reaching Grand View Point； the road passes not far from the rim； where it curves into a small amphitheatre in which are two striking columns of erosion； Pompey's Pillar and Thor's Hammer。
Grand View Hotel。 Grand View Hotel is directly upon the rim； and commands a fine outlook over the open portion of the Canyon at its very beginning。 The hotel was built by and is under the management of P。 D。 Berry； whose homestead is near by。 Mr。 Berry was one of the discoverers of the mine below and one of the locators of the Grand View Trail。
Grand View Point。 Grand View Point （elevation seven thousand four hundred and ninety…five feet） is about a mile from the hotel。 It affords the most extensive view possible of this part of the Canyon。 The highest point； too； is at the eastern end of the Canyon； being two hundred and eleven feet higher than Zuni Point （seven thousand one hundred and fifty…seven feet）； one hundred and twenty…five feet higher than Pinal Point （seven thousand three hundred and seventy feet）； and thirty feet higher than Navaho Point； all of them salient points to the east。
Cliff Dwellings。 There are a number of cliff dwellings in this vicinity； which take from half a day to a day to visit。 The best preserved of these are in the gulches of the Coconino Forest； on the rocks of which are also some interesting pictographs。 There are remains of dwellings on Moran's Point； and at various places along the rim of the Canyon。 A few miles to the east of Grand View Point is the junction of the Little Colorado with the Colorado River； as it flows out of the Marble Canyon into the Grand Canyon。 Here； for nearly a score of miles； the strata have been shattered and carried away； so that the Canyon is opened up； as it were； more than in any other place。 A vast number of pillars of erosion stand revealed in wonderful variety。
It should never be forgotten that the Canyon is so diversified that each point and each trail has its own distinctive charms； and he is wise； in the Canyon study； who sees it from as many points of vantage as he can。
The trip from Grand View Hotel to the plateau overlooking the Granite Gorge； three thousand five hundred feet below； and return； is made in one day。 The old Grand View Trail leaves the rim about a mile from the hotel； winding its way down from one stratum to another； around points which command extensive outlooks。
Grand View Trail。 A new trail from Grand View Point； one and a half miles north of the hotel； joins the old trail about a thousand feet below the rim； and continues to the top of what is locally known as the 〃blue limestone；〃 two thousand five hundred feet below the rim； to the Horseshoe Mesa； where the Canyon Copper Company mine is located。 Here also are the bunk…houses and boarding…houses of the miners； the corral for the burros used in packing ore to the surface； and several small sleeping cottages for travelers。 The distance from the rim to the camp is three miles on the old trail； and about half a mile less by the new trail。 To the mouth of the mine is another half mile。 The trail was begun in June； 1892； and the first ore pack…train went over it in February； 1893。 In 1901 the interests of Berry and his partners were bought by the Canyon Copper Company。 The distinctive charm of the Grand View Trail is the wide and unobstructed outlook which one gets here nearly all the way down。 It is not boxed in。
Horseshoe Mesa。 The start from Grand View Hotel is generally made after lunch； so that one arrives at the camp of the Canyon Copper Company in time for supper； and lodges there over night。 After supper； a visit is made to the edge of the Horseshoe Mesa for the sunset view。 This is one of the more extended views afforded only from such a mesa or plateau thrust well out into the heart of the Canyon。 Up； down； and around； there is scenic attraction。 The river flows on in the deep Granite Gorge below。 The best time； too； for seeing and knowing the Canyon is at the sunset （or sunrise） hour。 Then the shadows are long； and the various objects stand out distinctly。
Grand View Caves。 The following morning a visit may be made to the limestone caves or the Copper Company's mine。 The former were discovered in 1897 by the camp cook； Joseph Gildner； and are well worthy an extended visit。 The first cave is some three hundred feet long； and varies in height from ten to eighty or ninety feet。 The second cave has about the same length； but is much higher and contains a far more diversified collection of stalactites； stalagmites and sheets of calcareous deposits； that hang like curtains before the more solid si