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＇21＇ It is not quite clear whether the author had in mind here Central
India as a whole； which I think he had； or only Kosala； the part of it where
he then was。 In the older teaching； there were only thirty…two sects； but
there may have been three subdivisions of each。 See Rhys Davids'
〃Buddhism；〃 pp。 98； 99。
＇22＇ This mention of 〃the future world〃 is an important difference
between the Corean and Chinese texts。 The want of it in the latter has been
a stumbling…block in the way of all previous translators。 Remusat says in a
note that 〃the heretics limited themselves to speak of the duties of man in
his actual life without connecting it by the notion that the metempsychosis
with the anterior periods of existence through which he had passed。〃 But
this is just the opposite of what Fa…hien's meaning was； according to our
Corean text。 The notion of 〃the metempsychosis〃 was just that in which all
the ninety…six erroneous systems agreed among themselves and with
Buddhism。 If he had wished to say what the French sinologue thinks he
does say； moreover； he would probably have written ｛。｝ ｛。｝ ｛。｝ ｛。｝ ｛。｝。 Let
me add； however； that the connexion which Buddhism holds between the
past world （including the present） and the future is not that of a
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A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
metempsychosis； or transmigration of souls； for it does not appear to admit
any separate existence of the soul。 Adhering to its own phraseology of 〃the
wheel；〃 I would call its doctrine that of 〃The Transrotation of Births。〃 See
Rhys Davids' third Hibbert Lecture。
＇23＇ Or； more according to the phonetisation of the text； Vaidurya。 He
was king of Kosala； the son and successor of Prasenajit； and the destroyer
of Kapilavastu； the city of the Sakya family。 His hostility to the Sakyas is
sufficiently established； and it may be considered as certain that the name
Shay…e； which； according to Julien's 〃Methode；〃 p。 89； may be read Chia…e；
is the same as Kia…e （｛。｝ ｛。｝）； one of the phonetisations of Kapilavastu； as
given by Eitel。
＇24＇ This would be the interview in the 〃Life of the Buddha〃 in
Trubner's Oriental Series； p。 116； when Virudhaha on his march found
Buddha under an old sakotato tree。 It afforded him no shade； but he told
the king that the thought of the danger of 〃his relatives and kindred made
it shady。〃 The king was moved to sympathy for the time； and went back to
Sravasti； but the destruction of Kapilavastu was only postponed for a short
space； and Buddha himself acknowledged it to be inevitable in the
connexion of cause and effect。
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CHAPTER XXI
THE THREE PREDECESSORS OF SAKYAMUNI IN THE
BUDDHASHIP。
Fifty le to the west of the city bring （the traveller） to a town named
Too…wei；＇1＇ the birthplace of Kasyapa Buddha。＇1＇ At the place where he
and his father met；＇2＇ and at that where he attained to pari…nirvana； topes
were erected。 Over the entire relic of the whole body of him； the Kasyapa
Tathagata；＇3＇ a great tope was also erected。
Going on south…east from the city of Sravasti for twelve yojanas； （the
travellers） came to a town named Na…pei…kea；＇4＇ the birthplace of
Krakuchanda Buddha。 At the place where he and his father met； and at that
where he attained to pari…nirvana； topes were erected。 Going north from
here less than a yojana； they came to a town which had been the birthplace
of Kanakamuni Buddha。 At the place where he and his father met； and
where he attained to pari…nirvana； topes were erected。
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NOTES
＇1＇ Identified； as Beal says； by Cunningham with Tadwa； a village nine
miles to the west of Sahara…mahat。 The birthplace of Kasyapa Buddha is
generally thought to have been Benares。 According to a calculation of
Remusat； from his birth to A。D。 1832 there were 1；992；859 years！
＇2＇ It seems to be necessary to have a meeting between every Buddha
and his father。 One at least is ascribed to Sakyamuni and his father （real or
supposed） Suddhodana。
＇3＇ This is the highest epithet given to every supreme Buddha； in
Chinese ｛。｝ ｛。｝； meaning； as Eitel； p。 147 says； 〃/Sic profectus sum/。〃 It is
equivalent to 〃Rightful Buddha； the true successor in the Supreme Buddha
Line。〃 Hardy concludes his account of the Kasyapa Buddha （M。 B。； p。 97）
with the following sentence：〃After his body was burnt； the bones still
remained in their usual position； presenting the appearance of a perfect
skeleton； and the whole of the inhabitants of Jambudvipa； assembling
together； erected a dagoba over his relics one yojana in height！〃
＇4＇ Na…pei…kea or Nabhiga is not mentioned elsewhere。 Eitel says this
Buddha was born at the city of Gan…ho （｛。｝ ｛。｝ ｛。｝） and Hardy gives his
birthplace as Mekhala。 It may be possible； by means of Sanskrit； to
reconcile these statements。
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A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
CHAPTER XXII
KAPILAVASTU。 ITS DESOLATION。 LEGENDS OF BUDDHA'S
BIRTH； AND OTHER INCIDENTS IN CONNEXION WITH IT。
Less than a yojana to the east from this brought them to the city of
Kapilavastu；＇1＇ but in it there was neither king nor people。 All was mound
and desolation。 Of inhabitants there were only some monks and a score or
two of families of the common people。 At the spot where stood the old
palace of king Suddhodana＇2＇ there have been made images of the prince
（his eldest son） and his mother；＇3＇ and at the places where that son
appeared mounted on a white elephant when he entered his mother's
womb；＇4＇ and where he turned his carriage round on seeing the sick man
after he had gone out of the city by the eastern gate；＇5＇ topes have been
erected。 The places （were also pointed out）＇6＇ where （the rishi） A…e＇7＇
inspected the marks （of Buddhaship on the body） of the heir…apparent
（when an infant）； where； when he was in company with Nanda and others；
on the elephant being struck down and drawn to one side； he tossed it
away；＇8＇ where he shot an arrow to the south…east； and it went a distance
of thirty le； then entering the ground and making a spring to come forth；
which men subsequently fashioned into a well from which travellers might
drink；＇9＇ where； after he had attained to Wisdom； Buddha returned and
saw the king； his father；＇10＇ where five hundred Sakyas quitted their
families and did reverence to Upali＇11＇ while the earth shook and moved
in six different ways； where Buddha preached his Law to the devas； and
the four deva kings and others kept the four doors （of the hall）； so that
（even） the king； his father； could not enter；＇12＇ where Buddha sat under a
nyagrodha tree； which is still standing；＇13＇ with his face to the east； and
（his aunt） Maja…prajapati presented him with a Sanghali；＇14＇ and （where）
king Vaidu