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maidens；〃 with reference to the legend of the hundred daughters of king
Brahma…datta； who were made deformed by the curse of the rishi Maha…
vriksha； whose overtures they had refused。 E。 H。； p。 51。
＇3＇ Ganga； explained by 〃Blessed water；〃 and 〃Come from heaven to
earth。〃
＇4＇ This village （the Chinese editions read 〃forest〃） has hardly been
clearly identified。
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A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
CHAPTER XIX
SHA…CHE。 LEGEND OF BUDDHA'S DANTA…KASHTHA。
Going on from this to the south…east for three yojanas； they came to
the great kingdom of Sha…che。＇1＇ As you go out of the city of Sha…che by
the southern gate； on the east of the road （is the place） where Buddha； after
he had chewed his willow branch；＇2＇ stuck it in the ground； when it
forthwith grew up seven cubits； （at which height it remained） neither
increasing nor diminishing。 The Brahmans with their contrary doctrines＇3＇
became angry and jealous。 Sometimes they cut the tree down； sometimes
they plucked it up； and cast it to a distance； but it grew again on the same
spot as at first。 Here also is the place where the four Buddhas walked and
sat； and at which a tope was built that is still existing。
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NOTES
＇1＇ Sha…che should probably be Sha…khe； making Cunningham's
identification of the name with the present Saket still more likely。 The
change of ｛。｝ into ｛。｝ is slight； and； indeed； the Khang…hsi dictionary
thinks the two characters should be but one and the same。
＇2＇ This was； no doubt； what was called the danta…kashtha； or 〃dental
wood；〃 mostly a bit of the /ficus Indicus/ or banyan tree； which the monk
chews every morning to cleanse his teeth； and for the purpose of health
generally。 The Chinese； not having the banyan； have used； or at least Fa…
hien used； Yang （｛。｝； the general name for the willow） instead of it。
＇3＇ Are two classes of opponents； or only one； intended here； so that
we should read 〃all the unbelievers and Brahmans；〃 or 〃heretics and
Brahmans？〃 I think the Brahmans were also 〃the unbelievers〃 and
〃heretics；〃 having ｛。｝ ｛。｝； views and ways outside of； and opposed to；
Buddha's。
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A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
CHAPTER XX
KOSALA AND SRAVASTI。 THE JETAVANA VIHARA AND
OTHER MEMORIALS AND LEGENDS OF BUDDHA。 SYMPATHY
OF THE MONKS WITH THE PILGRIMS。
Going on from this to the south； for eight yojanas； （the travellers）
came to the city of Sravasti＇1＇ in the kingdom of Kosala；＇2＇ in which the
inhabitants were few and far between； amounting in all （only） to a few
more than two hundred families； the city where king Prasenajit＇3＇ ruled；
and the place of the old vihara of Maha…prajapti；＇4＇ of the well and walls
of （the house of） the （Vaisya） head Sudatta；＇5＇ and where the
Angulimalya＇6＇ became an Arhat； and his body was （afterwards） burned
on his attaining to pari…nirvana。 At all these places topes were
subsequently erected； which are still existing in the city。 The Brahmans；
with their contrary doctrine； became full of hatred and envy in their hearts；
and wished to destroy them； but there came from the heavens such a storm
of crashing thunder and flashing lightning that they were not able in the
end to effect their purpose。
As you go out from the city by the south gate； and 1；200 paces from it；
the （Vaisya） head Sudatta built a vihara； facing the south； and when the
door was open； on each side of it there was a stone pillar； with the figure
of a wheel on the top of that on the left； and the figure of an ox on the top
of that on the right。 On the left and right of the building the ponds of water
clear and pure； the thickets of trees always luxuriant； and the numerous
flowers of various hues； constituted a lovely scene； the whole forming
what is called the Jetavana vihara。＇7＇
When Buddha went up to the Trayastrimsas heaven；＇8＇ and preached
the Law for the benefit of his mother； （after he had been absent for） ninety
days； Prasenajit； longing to see him； caused an image of him to be carved
in Gosirsha Chandana wood；＇9＇ and put in the place where he usually sat。
When Buddha on his return entered the vihara； Buddha said to it； 〃Return
to your seat。 After I have attained to pari…nirvana； you will serve as a
pattern to the four classes of my disciples；〃＇10＇ and on this the image
returned to its seat。 This was the very first of all the images （of Buddha）；
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A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
and that which men subsequently copied。 Buddha then removed； and dwelt
in a small vihara on the south side （of the other）； a different place from
that containing the image； and twenty paces distant from it。
The Jetavana vihara was originally of seven storeys。 The kings and
people of the countries around vied with one another in their offerings；
hanging up about it silken streamers and canopies； scattering flowers；
burning incense； and lighting lamps； so as to make the night as bright as
the day。 This they did day after day without ceasing。 （It happened that） a
rat； carrying in its mouth the wick of a lamp； set one of the streamers or
canopies on fire； which caught the vihara； and the seven storeys were all
consumed。 The kings； with their officers and people； were all very sad and
distressed； supposing that the sandal…wood image had been burned； but lo！
after four or five days； when the door of a small vihara on the east was
opened； there was immediately seen the original image。 They were all
greatly rejoiced； and co…operated in restoring the vihara。 When they had
succeeded in completing two storeys； they removed the image back to its
former place。
When Fa…hien and Tao…ching first arrived at the Jetavana monastery；
and thought how the World…honoured one had formerly resided there for
twenty…five years； painful reflections arose in their minds。 Born in a
border…land； along with their like…minded friends； they had travelled
through so many kingdoms； some of those friends had returned （to their
own land）； and some had （died）； proving the impermanence and
uncertainty of life； and to…day they saw the place where Buddha had lived
now unoccupied by him。 They were melancholy through their pain of
heart； and the crowd of monks came out； and asked them from what
kingdom they were come。 〃We are come；〃 they replied； 〃from the land of
Han。〃 〃Strange；〃 said the monks with a sigh； 〃that men of a border country
should be able to come here in search of our Law！〃 Then they said to one
another； 〃During all the time that we； preceptors and monks；＇11＇ have
succeeded to one another； we have never seen men of Han； followers of
our system； arrive here。〃
Four le to the north…west of the