°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
Buddha's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡moments¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡special¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gift¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡divyachakshus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡
¡¨heavenly¡¡eye£»¡¨¡¡the¡¡first¡¡of¡¡the¡¡six¡¡abhijnas¡¡or¡¡¡¨supernatural¡¡talents£»¡¨¡¡the¡¡
faculty¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡comprehending¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡instantaneous¡¡¡¡¡¡view£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡intuition£»¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡
beings¡¡in¡¡all¡¡worlds¡£¡¡¡¨He¡¡could¡¡see£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡Hardy£»¡¡M¡£¡¡B¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡232£»¡¡¡¨all¡¡things¡¡
in¡¡100£»000¡¡sakvalas¡¡as¡¡plainly¡¡as¡¡a¡¡mustard¡¡seed¡¡held¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hand¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§6£§¡¡Eitel¡¡gives¡¡the¡¡name¡¡Utpala¡¡with¡¡the¡¡same¡¡Chinese¡¡phonetisation¡¡as¡¡
in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡text£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡bhikshuni¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡Sanskrit¡¡¡¡¡¡word£»¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡77¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡78¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡BUDDHISTIC¡¡KINGDOMS¡¡
however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡explained¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨blue¡¡¡¡¡¡lotus¡¡¡¡¡¡flowers£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Hsuan¡chwang¡¡¡¡¡¡calls¡¡
her¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡nun¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Lotus¡flower¡¡¡¡¡¡colour¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨£û¡££ý¡¡¡¡¡¡£û¡££ý¡¡¡¡¡¡£û¡££ý£©£»¡¨the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡Hardy's¡¡
Upulwan¡¡and¡¡Uppalawarna¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§7£§¡¡Perhaps¡¡we¡¡should¡¡read¡¡here¡¡¡¨to¡¡see¡¡Buddha£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡then¡¡ascribe¡¡the¡¡
transformation¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡nun¡¡¡¡¡¡herself¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡depends¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡punctuation¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
view¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡adopt£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡structure¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡passage£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
indicate¡¡that¡¡the¡¡stop¡¡should¡¡be¡¡made¡¡before¡¡or¡¡after¡¡¡¨Buddha¡£¡¨¡¡And¡¡the¡¡
one¡¡view¡¡is¡¡as¡¡reasonable£»¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡as¡¡unreasonable£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡other¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§8£§¡¡¡¨A¡¡holy¡¡king¡¡who¡¡turns¡¡the¡¡wheel£»¡¨¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡the¡¡military¡¡conqueror¡¡
and¡¡monarch¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡or¡¡part¡¡of¡¡a¡¡universe¡£¡¡¡¨The¡¡symbol£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡Eitel¡¡
£¨p¡£¡¡142£©¡¡¡¨of¡¡such¡¡a¡¡king¡¡is¡¡the¡¡chakra¡¡or¡¡wheel£»¡¡for¡¡when¡¡he¡¡ascends¡¡the¡¡
throne£»¡¡a¡¡chakra¡¡falls¡¡from¡¡heaven£»¡¡indicating¡¡by¡¡its¡¡material¡¡£¨gold£»¡¡silver£»¡¡
copper£»¡¡or¡¡iron£©¡¡the¡¡extent¡¡and¡¡character¡¡of¡¡his¡¡reign¡£¡¡The¡¡office£»¡¡however£»¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡highest¡¡¡¡¡¡Chakravartti£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡hurls¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡wheel¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡enemies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡
inferior¡¡to¡¡the¡¡peaceful¡¡mission¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Buddha£»¡¡who¡¡meekly¡¡turns¡¡the¡¡wheel¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡Law£»¡¡and¡¡conquers¡¡every¡¡universe¡¡by¡¡his¡¡teaching¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§9£§¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡Brahma£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡person¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Brahmanical¡¡¡¡¡¡Trimurti£»¡¡
adopted¡¡by¡¡Buddhism£»¡¡but¡¡placed¡¡in¡¡an¡¡inferior¡¡position£»¡¡and¡¡surpassed¡¡by¡¡
every¡¡Buddhist¡¡saint¡¡who¡¡attains¡¡to¡¡bodhi¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§10£§¡¡A¡¡common¡¡name¡¡for¡¡the¡¡earth¡¡below£»¡¡where£»¡¡on¡¡digging£»¡¡water¡¡is¡¡
found¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§11£§¡¡The¡¡height¡¡is¡¡given¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡thirty¡¡chow£»¡¡the¡¡chow¡¡being¡¡the¡¡¡¡distance¡¡
from¡¡the¡¡elbow¡¡to¡¡the¡¡finger¡tip£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡variously¡¡estimated¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§12£§¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡¡¡note¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Beal¡¡¡¡¡¡says¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡this£º¡¨General¡¡¡¡¡¡Cunningham£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡
visited¡¡the¡¡spot¡¡£¨1862£©£»¡¡found¡¡a¡¡pillar£»¡¡evidently¡¡of¡¡the¡¡age¡¡of¡¡Asoka£»¡¡with¡¡
a¡¡well¡carved¡¡elephant¡¡on¡¡the¡¡top£»¡¡which£»¡¡however£»¡¡was¡¡minus¡¡trunk¡¡and¡¡
tail¡£¡¡He¡¡supposes¡¡this¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡pillar¡¡seen¡¡by¡¡Fa¡hien£»¡¡who¡¡mistook¡¡the¡¡top¡¡
of¡¡it¡¡for¡¡a¡¡lion¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡possible¡¡such¡¡a¡¡mistake¡¡may¡¡have¡¡been¡¡made£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
account¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡pillars¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡Sravasti£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Fa¡hien¡¡¡¡¡¡says¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡ox¡¡¡¡¡¡formed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
capital£»¡¡whilst¡¡Hsuan¡chwang¡¡calls¡¡it¡¡an¡¡elephant¡¡£¨P¡£¡¡19£»¡¡Arch¡£¡¡Survey£©¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§13£§¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡is£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡niches¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sides¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¡pillar¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡column¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡
been¡¡square¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§14£§¡¡Equivalent¡¡to¡¡¡¨all¡¡through¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§15£§¡¡Has¡¡always¡¡been¡¡translated¡¡¡¨heretical¡¡teachers£»¡¨¡¡but¡¡I¡¡eschew¡¡the¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡78¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡79¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡BUDDHISTIC¡¡KINGDOMS¡¡
terms¡¡/heresy/¡¡and¡¡/heretical/¡£¡¡The¡¡parties¡¡would¡¡not¡¡be¡¡Buddhists¡¡of¡¡any¡¡
creed¡¡or¡¡school£»¡¡but¡¡Brahmans¡¡or¡¡of¡¡some¡¡other¡¡false¡¡doctrine£»¡¡as¡¡Fa¡hien¡¡
deemed¡¡it¡£¡¡The¡¡Chinese¡¡term¡¡means¡¡¡¨outside¡¨¡¡or¡¡¡¨foreign£»¡¨in¡¡Pali£»¡¡anna¡¡¡
titthiya£»=¡¨those¡¡belonging¡¡to¡¡another¡¡school¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§16£§¡¡These¡¡three¡¡predecessors¡¡of¡¡Sakyamuni¡¡were¡¡the¡¡three¡¡Buddhas¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡present¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡Maha¡bhadra¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Kalpa£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡fourth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
Maitreya¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fifth¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡were£º¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Krakuchanda¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Pali£»¡¡
Kakusanda£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨he¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡readily¡¡¡¡solves¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡doubts£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡scion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Kasyapa¡¡
family¡£¡¡Human¡¡life¡¡reached¡¡in¡¡his¡¡time¡¡40£»000¡¡years£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡many¡¡persons¡¡
were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡converted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨2£©¡¡¡¡Kanakamuni¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Pali£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Konagamana£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨body¡¡
radiant¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡colour¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡pure¡¡¡¡¡¡gold£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡family¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Human¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡
reached¡¡in¡¡his¡¡time¡¡30£»000¡¡years£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡many¡¡persons¡¡were¡¡converted¡¡by¡¡
him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨3£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Kasyapa¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Pali£»¡¡¡¡Kassapa£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨swallower¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡light¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡Human¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡
reached¡¡in¡¡his¡¡time¡¡20£»000¡¡years£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡many¡¡persons¡¡were¡¡converted¡¡by¡¡
him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡See¡¡¡¡¡¡Eitel£»¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡several¡¡¡¡¡¡names£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Hardy's¡¡¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡B¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡pp¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡95¡97£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
Davids'¡¡¡¨Buddhist¡¡Birth¡¡Stories£»¡¨¡¡p¡£¡¡51¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§17£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is£»¡¡¡¡walked¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡meditation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Such¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡places¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡¡
Chankramana¡¡£¨Pali£»¡¡Chankama£©£»¡¡promenades¡¡or¡¡corridors¡¡connected¡¡with¡¡
a¡¡¡¡¡¡monastery£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sometimes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡costly¡¡¡¡¡¡stones£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡purpose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
peripatetic¡¡meditation¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¨sitting¡¨¡¡would¡¡be¡¡not¡¡because¡¡of¡¡weariness¡¡or¡¡
for¡¡rest£»¡¡but¡¡for¡¡meditation¡£¡¡E¡£¡¡H¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡144¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§18£§¡¡The¡¡character¡¡in¡¡my¡¡Corean¡¡copy¡¡is¡¡£û¡££ý£»¡¡which¡¡must¡¡be¡¡a¡¡mistake¡¡
for¡¡the¡¡£û¡££ý¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Chinese¡¡editions¡£¡¡Otherwise£»¡¡the¡¡meaning¡¡would¡¡be¡¡¡¨a¡¡
small¡¡medusa¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§19£§¡¡The¡¡reading¡¡here¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡me¡¡a¡¡great¡¡improvement¡¡on¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
Chinese¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡editions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Fire¡¡¡¡¡¡Limit¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡Buddha£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡said£»¡¡¡¡£û¡££ý¡¡
converted¡¡this¡¡demon£»¡¡which¡¡Chinese¡¡character¡¡Beal¡¡rendered¡¡at¡¡first¡¡by¡¡
¡¨in¡¡one¡¡of¡¡his¡¡incarnations£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡in¡¡his¡¡revised¡¡version¡¡he¡¡has¡¡¡¨himself¡£¡¨¡¡
The¡¡¡¡¡¡difference¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡Fa¡hien's¡¡¡¡¡¡usage¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡£û¡££ý¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡£û¡££ý¡¡¡¡¡¡throughout¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
narrative¡¡is¡¡quite¡¡marked¡£¡¡£û¡££ý¡¡always¡¡refers¡¡to¡¡the¡¡doings¡¡of¡¡Sakyamuni£»¡¡
£û¡££ý£»¡¡¡¨formerly£»¡¨¡¡is¡¡often¡¡used¡¡of¡¡him¡¡and¡¡others¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡¡¨in¡¡a¡¡former¡¡
age¡¡or¡¡birth¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§20£§¡¡See¡¡Hardy£»¡¡M¡£¡¡B¡££»¡¡p¡£¡¡194£º¡¨As¡¡a¡¡token¡¡of¡¡the¡¡giving¡¡over¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
garden£»¡¡the¡¡king¡¡poured¡¡water¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡hands¡¡of¡¡Buddha£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡this¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡79¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡80¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡BUDDHISTIC¡¡KINGDOMS¡¡
time¡¡it¡¡became¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡residences¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sage¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§21£§¡¡This¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡be¡¡absurd£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡evidently¡¡intended¡¡to¡¡
convey¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡that¡¡there¡¡was¡¡something¡¡mysterious¡¡about¡¡the¡¡number¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡topes¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§22£§¡¡This¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡meaning¡£¡¡The¡¡bodies¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡monks¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡
burned¡£¡¡Hardy's¡¡E¡£¡¡M¡££»¡¡pp¡£¡¡322¡324¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡80¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡81¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡BUDDHISTIC¡¡KINGDOMS¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CHAPTER¡¡XVIII¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡KANYAKUBJA£»¡¡OR¡¡CANOUGE¡£¡¡BUDDHA'S¡¡PREACHING¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Fa¡hien¡¡¡¡¡¡stayed¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Dragon¡¡¡¡¡¡vihara¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡summer¡¡¡¡¡¡retreat£»£§1£§¡¡
and¡¡then£»¡¡travelling¡¡to¡¡the¡¡south¡east¡¡for¡¡seven¡¡yojanas£»¡¡he¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡the¡¡
city¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Kanyakubja£»£§2£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lying¡¡¡¡¡¡along¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Ganges¡££§3£§¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡
monasteries¡¡in¡¡it£»¡¡the¡¡inmates¡¡of¡¡which¡¡are¡¡students¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hinayana¡£¡¡At¡¡a¡¡
distance¡¡from¡¡the¡¡city¡¡of¡¡six¡¡or¡¡seven¡¡le£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡west£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡northern¡¡bank¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡Ganges£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡place¡¡where¡¡Buddha¡¡preached¡¡the¡¡Law¡¡to¡¡his¡¡disciples¡£¡¡
It¡¡has¡¡been¡¡handed¡¡down¡¡that¡¡his¡¡subjects¡¡of¡¡discourse¡¡were¡¡such¡¡as¡¡¡¨The¡¡
bitterness¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡vanity¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨of¡¡¡¡¡¡life£©¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡impermanent¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡uncertain£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
¡¨The¡¡body¡¡is¡¡as¡¡a¡¡bubble¡¡or¡¡foam¡¡on¡¡the¡¡water¡£¡¨¡¡At¡¡this¡¡spot¡¡a¡¡tope¡¡was¡¡
erected£»¡¡and¡¡still¡¡exists¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Having¡¡¡¡¡¡crossed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Ganges£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gone¡¡¡¡¡¡south¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡yojanas£»¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨the¡¡
travellers£©¡¡¡¡¡¡arrived¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡village¡¡¡¡¡¡named¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡le£»£§4£§¡¡¡¡¡¡containing¡¡¡¡¡¡places¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡
Buddha¡¡preached¡¡the¡¡Law£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡sat£»¡¡and¡¡where¡¡he¡¡walked£»¡¡at¡¡all¡¡of¡¡
which¡¡topes¡¡have¡¡been¡¡built¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡81¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡82¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡RECORD¡¡OF¡¡BUDDHISTIC¡¡KINGDOMS¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡NOTES¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§1£§¡¡We¡¡are¡¡now£»¡¡probably£»¡¡in¡¡405¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§2£§¡¡Canouge£»¡¡the¡¡latitude¡¡and¡¡longitude¡¡of¡¡which¡¡have¡¡been¡¡given¡¡in¡¡a¡¡
previous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡note¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sanskrit¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨the¡¡¡¡¡¡city¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡humpbacked¡¡
maidens£»¡¨¡¡with