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people for a short time。 The rulers thought of and willed nothing but war； and the winter's rest was only a time of preparation for new battles。 The allies had never yet succeeded in vanquishing the little King of Prussia。 Notwithstanding the disappointments and adversities crowded upon himthough good fortune and success seemed forever to have abandoned himFrederick stood firm and undaunted； and his courage and his confidence augmented with the dangers which surrounded him。
But his condition appeared so sad。 so desperate； that even the heroic Prince Henry despaired。 The king had in some degree repaired the disasters of Kunersdorf and Mayen by his great victories at Leignitz and Torgau； but so mournful； so menacing was his position on every side； that even the victories which had driven his enemies from Saxony； and at least assured him his winter quarters； brought him no other advantages； and did not lessen the dangers which threatened him。 His enemies stood round about himthey burned with rage and thirst to destroy utterly that king who was always ready to tear from them their newly…won laurels。 Only by his complete destruction could they hope to quench the glowing enthusiasm which the people of all Europe expressed by shouts and exultation。
The Russians had their winter quarters for the first time in Pomerania。 The Austrians lay in Silesia and Bohemia。 The newly… supplied French army； and the army of the States； were on the Rhine。 While the enemies of Frederick remained thus faithful to each other in their war against him； he had just lost his only ally。
King George II。 of England was dead； and the weak George III。 yielded wholly to the imperious will of his mother and to that of Lord Bute。 He broke off his league with Prussia； and refused to pay the subsidy。
Thus Prussia stood alonewithout money； without soldiers； without friendssurrounded by powerful and eager enemiesalone and seemingly hopeless； with so many vindictive adversaries。
All this made Prince Henry not only unhappy； but dispiritedpalsied his courage； and made him wish to leave the army and take refuge in some vast solitude where he could mourn over the misfortunes of his distracted country。 Accordingly he wrote to the king and asked for his discharge。
The king replied：
〃It is not difficult； my brother； in bright and prosperous times； to find men willing to serve the state。 Those only are good citizens who stand undaunted at the post of danger in times of great crises and disaster。 The true calling of a man consists in this： that he should intrepidly carry out the most difficult and dangerous enterprises。 The more difficulty； the more dangerthe more bright honor and undying fame。 I cannot； therefore； believe that you are in earnest in asking for your discharge。 It is unquestionable that neither you nor I can feel certain of a happy issue to the circumstances which now surround us。 But when we have done all which lies in our power； our consciences and public opinion will do us justice。 We contend for our fatherland and for honor。 We must make the impossible possible； in order to succeed。 The number of our enemies does not terrify me。 The greater their number； the more glorious will be our fame when we have conquered them。〃 ＇Footnote： Preuss； 〃History of Frederick the Great；〃 vol。 ii。； p。 246。＇
Prince Henry； ashamed of his despondency； gave to this letter of his brother the answer of a hero。 He marched against the Russians； drove them from Silesia； and raised the siege of Breslau； around which the Austrians under Loudon were encamped。 Tauentzein； with fearless energy and with but three thousand Prussians； had fortified himself in Breslau against this powerful enemy。 So in the very beginning of the winter the capital of Silesia had been retaken By Torgau the king had fought and won his twelfth battle for the possession of Silesiayes； fought and won from his powerful and irreconcilable enemies。 And all this had been in vain； and almost without results。 The prospect of peace seemed far distant； and the hope of happiness for Frederick even as remote。
But now winter was upon them。 This stern angel of peace had sheathed the sword； and for the time ended the war。
While the pious Maria Theresa and her court ladies made it the mode to prepare lint in their splendid saloons during the winter for the wounded soldierswhile the Russian General Soltikow took up his winter quarters at Poseu； and gave sumptuous feasts and banquets Frederick withdrew to Leipsic； in which city philosophy and learning were at that time most flourishing。 The Leipsigers indeed boasted that they had given an asylum to poetry and art。
The warrior…hero was now changed for a few happy months into the philosopher； the poet； and the scholar。 Frederick's brow； contracted by anxiety and care； was now smooth； his eye took again its wonted firea smile was on his lip； and the hand which had so long brandished the sword； gladly resumed the pen。 He who had so long uttered only words of command and calls to battle； now bowed over his flute and drew from it the tenderest and most melting melodies。 The evening concerts were resumed。 The musical friends and comrades of the king had been summoned from Berlin； and that nothing might be wanting to make his happiness complete； he had called his best… beloved friend； the Marquis d'Argens； to his side。
D'Argens had much to tell of the siege of Berlin and the Russians of the firm defence of the burghers…of their patriotism and their courage。 Frederick's eyes glistened with emotion； and in the fulness of his thankful heart he promised to stand by his faithful Berliners to the end。 But when D'Argens told of the desolation which the Russians had wrought amongst the treasures of art in Charlottenburg； the brow of the king grew dark； and with profound indignation he said：
〃Ah； the Russians are barbarians； who labor only for the downfall of humanity。 ＇Footnote： The king's own words；Archenholtz； vol。 i。； p。 282＇ If we do not succeed in conquering them； and destroying their rude； despotic sovereignty； they will again and ever disquiet the whole of Europe。 In the mean time； however；〃 said Frederick； 〃the vandalism of the Russians shall not destroy our beautiful winter rest。 If they have torn my paintings and crushed my statues； we must collect new art…treasures。 Gotzkowsky has told me that in Italy； that inexhaustible mine of art； there are still many glorious pictures of the great old masters； he shall procure them for me； and I will make haste to finish this war in order to enjoy my new paintings； and to rest in my beautiful Sans…Souci。 Ah； marquis； let us speak no longer of it； in this room at least； let us forget the war。 It has whitened my hair； and made an old man of me before my time。 My back is bent； and my face is wrinkled as the flounce on a woman's dress。 All this has the war brought upon me。 But my heart and my inclinations are unchanged； and I think I dare now allow them a little satisfaction and indulgence。 Come； marquis； I have a new poem from Voltaire； sent to me a few days since。 We will see if he can find grace before your stern tribunal。 I have also some new sins to confess。 That is to say； I have some poems composed in the hours of rest during my campaigns。 You are my literary father confessor； and we will see if you can give me absolution。〃
But the king did not dedicate the entire winter to music； and French poems； and gay； cheerful conversation with his friends。 A part of this happy time was consecrated to the earnest study of the ancients。 For the first time he turned his attention to German literature； and felt an interest in the efforts of German philosophers and poets。
Quintus Icilius； the learned companion of Frederick； had often assured him that the scholarship； the wit； the poetry of Germany； found at this time their best representatives in Leipsic； that he at length became curious to see these great men； of whom Quintus Icilius asserted that they far surpassed the French in scholarship； and in wit and intellect might take their places unchallenged side by side with the French。
The king listened to this assurance with rather a contemptuous smile。 He directed Icilius； however； to present to him some of the Leipsic scho