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representatives of the people； it is natural that the people itself
should take back its sovereign supervision。〃
＇40＇ Schmidt； 〃Tableaux de la Révolution；〃 I。 99…100。 Report to
Roland； Oct。 29； 1792。
＇41＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 199。 … Buchez et Roux； XVI。 320。 …
Moniteur； XIII。 336 （session of Aug。 5）。 Speech by Collot d'Herbois。
＇42＇ Moniteur； XI。 20； session of Feb。 4。 At this meeting Gorguereau；
reporter of the committee on legislation； had already stated that 〃The
authors of these multiplied addresses seem to command rather than
demand。 。 。 It is ever the same sections or the same individuals who
deceive you in bringing to you their own false testimony for that of
the capital。〃 … 〃Down with the reporter！ From the galleries。〃 …
Ibid。； XIII。 93； session of July 11。 M。 Gastelier： 〃Addresses in the
name of the people are constantly read to you； which are not even the
voice of one section。 We have seen the same individual coming three
times a week to demand something in the name of sovereignty。〃 （Shouts
of down！ down！ in the galleries。 Ibid。； 208； session of July 21。 M。
Dumolard： 〃You must distinguish between the people of Paris and these
subaltern intriguers 。 。 。 these habitual oracles of the cafés and
public squares； whose equivocal existence has for a long time occupied
the attention and claimed the supervision of the police。〃 （Down with
the speaker！ murmurs and hooting in the galleries）。…Mortimer…Ternaux；
II。 398。 Protests of the arsenal section； read by Lavoisier （the
chemist）： 〃The caprice of a knot of citizens （thus） becomes the
desire of an immense population。〃
＇43＇ Buchez et Roux； XVI。 251。 … Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 239 and 243。
The central bureau is first opened in 〃the building of the Saint…
Esprit； in the second story； near the passage communicating with the
common dwelling。〃 Afterwards the commissioners of the section occupy
another room in the H？tel…de…ville； nearly joining the throne…room；
where the municipal council is holding its sessions。 During the night
of August 9…10 both councils sit four hours simultaneously within a
few steps of each other。
＇44＇ Robespierre； 〃Seventh letter to his constituents；〃 says： 〃The
sections。 。 。 have been busy for more than a fortnight getting ready
for the last Revolution。〃
＇45＇ Robespierre； 〃Seventh letter to his constituents〃 Malouet； II。
233； 234。 R？derer； 〃Chronique des cinquante jours。〃
＇46＇ Moniteur； XIII。 318； 319。 The petition is drawn up apparently by
people who are beside themselves。 〃If we did not rely on you； I would
not answer for the excesses to which our despair would carry us！ We
would bring on ourselves all the horrors of civil war； provided we
could； on dying； drag along with us some of our cowardly assassins！〃 …
… The representatives； it must be noted； talk in the same vein。 La
Source exclaims： 〃The members here； like yourselves； call for
vengeance！〃 … Thuriot： 〃The crime is atrocious！〃
＇47＇ Taine is describing a basic trait of human nature； something we
see again and again whether our ancestors attacked small； harmless
neighboring nations； witches； renegades； Jews； or religious people of
another faith 。（SR）。
＇48＇ Buchez et Roux； XIX 93； session of Sept。 23； 1792。 Speech by
Panis： 〃Many worthy citizens would like to have judicial proof； but
political proofs satisfy us〃 Towards the end of July the Minister
of the Interior had invited Pétion to send two municipal officers to
examine the Tuileries； but this the council refused to do； so as to
keep up the excitement。
＇49＇ Mallet du Pan； 〃Mémoires；〃 303。 Letter of Malouet； June 29。
Bertrand de Molleville； 〃Mémoires；〃 II。 301。 Hua； 148。 Weber；
II。 208。 Madame Campan； 〃Mémoires；〃 II。 188。 Already； at the end of
1791； the king was told that he was liable to be poisoned by the
pastry…cook of the palace； a Jacobin。 For three or four months the
bread and pastry he ate were secretly purchased in other places。 On
the 14th of July； 1792； his attendants； on account of the threats
against his life； put a breastplate on him under his coat。
＇50＇ member of the 1789 Constituent Assembly。 （SR）。
＇51＇ Moniteur； VIII。 271； 278。 A deputy； excusing his assailants；
pretends that d'ésprémesnil urged the people to enter the Tuileries
garden。 It is scarcely necessary to state that during the Constituent
Assembly d'Espréménil was one of the most conspicuous members of the
extreme 〃Right。〃 … Duc de Ga？te； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 18。
＇52＇ Lafayette； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 465。
＇53＇ Moniteur； XIII。 327； Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 176。
＇54＇ Moniteur； XIII。 340。 The style of these petitions is highly
instructive。 We see in them the state of mind and degree of education
of the petitioners： sometimes a half…educated writer attempting to
reason in the vein of the Contrat Social； sometimes； a schoolboy
spouting the tirades of Raynal； and sometimes； the corner letter…
writer putting together the expressions forming his stock in trade。
＇55＇ Carra； 〃Précis historique sur l'origine et les véritables auteurs
de l'insurrection du 10 Ao？t。〃 Barbaroux； 〃Mémoires； 49。 The
executive directory； appointed by the central committee of the
confederates； held its first meeting in a wine…shop； the Soleil d'or；
on the square of the Bastille； the second at the Cadran bleu； on the
boulevard； the third in Antoine's room； who then lodged in the same
house with Robespierre。 Camille Desmoulins was present at this latter
meeting。 Santerre； Westermann； Fournier the American； and Lazowski
were the principal members of this Directory。 Another insurrectionary
plan was drawn up on the 30th of July in a wine…shop at Charenton by
Barbaroux； Rebecqui； Pierre Bayle； Heron； and Fournier the American。 …
Cf。 J。 Claretie； 〃Camille Desmoulins；〃 p。 192。 Desmoulins wrote； a
little before the 10th of August： 〃If the National Assembly thinks
that it cannot save the country； let it declare then； that； according
to the Constitution； and like the Romans； it hands this over to each
citizen。 Let the tocsin be rung forthwith； the whole nation assembled；
and every man； as at Rome； be invested with the power of putting to
death all well…known conspirators！〃
＇56＇ Mortimer…Ternaux； II。 182。 Decision of the Quinze…Vingt Section；
Aug。 4。 … Buchez et Roux； XVI。 402…410。 History of Quinze…Vingt
Section。
＇57＇ Moniteur。 XIII。 367； session of Aug。 8。 … Ibid。； 369 and
following pages。 Session of Aug。 9。 Letters and speeches of maltreated
deputies。
＇58＇ Moniteur； 371。 Speech of M。 Girardin： 〃I am convinced that most
of those who insulted me were foreigners。〃 Ibid。； 370。 Letter of M。
Frouvières： 〃Many of the citizens； coming out of their shops；
exclaimed： How can they insult the deputies in this way？ Run away！ run
off！〃 M。 Jolivet； that evening attending a meeting of the Jacobin
Club； states 〃that the Jacobin tribunes were far from sharing in this
frenzy。〃 He heard 〃one individual in these tribunes exclaim； on the
proposal to put the dwellings of the deputies on the list； that it was
outrageous。〃 Countless other details show the small number and
character of the factions。 … Ibid。； 374。 Speech of Aubert…Dubacet： 〃I
saw men dressed in the coats of the national guard； with countenances
betraying everything that is most vile in wickedness。〃 There are 〃a
great many evil…disposed persons among the federates。〃
＇59＇ Moniteur； XIII。 170 （letter of M。 de Joly； Minister of Justice）。
… Ibid。； 371； declaration of M。 Jolivet。 … Buchez et Roux； XVI。 370
（session of the Jacobin Club； Aug。 8； at evening）。 Speech by
Goupilleau。
＇60＇ One may imagine with what satisfaction Lenin； must have read
this description agreeing： 〃Yes； open voting by a named and identified
count； that is how a leader best can control any assembly。〃 （SR）。
＇61＇ Moniteur； XIII。 37o。 … Cf。 Ibid。； the letter of M。 Chapron。
Ibid。； 372。 Speech by M。 A。 Vaublanc。 Moore； 〃Journal during a
Residence in