按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
must be exterminated because they are all tyrants？〃
＇63＇ A popular jig of these revolutionary times； danced in the
streets and on the public squares。 …TR。
＇64＇ Buchez et Roux； XXV。 203 （session of April 3； 1793）。 Speech by
Brissot。 …Ibid。； XX。 127。 〃A tous les Républicains de France； par
Brissot；〃 Oct。 24； 1792。 〃In declaring war； I had in view the
abolition of royalty。〃 He refers； in this connection； to his speech of
Dec。 30； 1791； where he says； 〃I fear only one thing； and that is；
that we shall not be betrayed。 We need treachery； for strong doses of
poison still exist in the heart of France； and heavy explosions are
necessary to clear it out。〃
＇65＇ Mallet du Pan； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 260 （April； 1792）； and I。 439
（July； 1792）。
＇66＇ Any revolutionary leader； from Lenin； through Stalin to Andropov
may confirm the advantage of acting in secret。 （SR）。
＇67＇ 〃The French Revolution；〃 I。 262 and following pages。
＇68＇ Buchez et Roux； XIII。 92…99 （January； 1792）； （February）。
Coral； 〃Lettres inédites；〃 33。 （One of these days； out of curiosity；
he walked along as far as the Rue des Lombards。） 〃Witness of such
crying injustice； and indignant at not being able to seize any of the
thieves that were running along the street； loaded with sugar and
coffee to sell again； I suddenly felt a feverish chill over all my
body。〃 （The letter is not dated。 The editors conjectures that the year
was 1791。 I rather think that it was 1792。）
＇69＇ Moniteur； XI。 45 and 46 （session of Jan。 5）。 The whole of
Isnard's speech should be read。
＇70＇ Buchez et Roux； XIII。 177。 Letter by Pétion； Feb。 10。
＇71＇ Buchez et Roux； XIII。 252。 Letter of André Chénier； in the
Journal de Paris； Feb。 26。 … Schmidt； 〃Tableaux de la Révolution
Franaise；〃 I。 76。 Reply of the Directory of the Department of the
Seine to a circular by Roland； June 12； 1792。 The contrast between the
two classes is here clearly defined。 〃We have not resorted to those
assemblages of men； most of them foreigners； for the opinion of the
people； among the enemies of labor and repose standing by themselves
and having no part in common interests； already inclined to vice
through idleness； and who prefer the risks of disorder to the
honorable resources of indigence。 This class of men； always large in
large cities； is that whose noisy harangues fill the streets； Squares；
and public gardens of the capital； that which excites seditious
gatherings； that which constantly fosters anarchy and contempt for
the laws that； in fine； whose clamor； far from reflecting public
Opinion； indicates the extreme effort made to prevent the expression
of public opinion。 。 。 We have studied the opinion of the people of
Paris among those useful and laborious men warmly attached to the
State at all points of their existence through every object of their
affection； among owners of property； tillers of the soil； tradesmen
and workers 。 。 。 An inviolable attachment 。 。 。 to the constitution；
and mainly to national Sovereignty； to political equality and
constitutional monarchy； which are its most important characteristics
and their almost unanimous sentiment。〃
＇72＇ Governor Morris； letter of June 20； 1792。
＇73＇ 〃Souvenirs〃； by Pasquier （Etienne…Dennis； duc）； chancelier de
France。 in VI volumes； Librarie Plon； Paris 1893。 Vol。 I。 page 84。
＇74＇ Malouet； II。 203。 Every report that came in from the provinces
announced （to the King and Queen） a perceptible amelioration of public
opinion； which was becoming more and more perverted。 That which
reached them was uninfluenced； whilst the opinions of clubs； taverns；
and street…corners gained enormous power； the time being at hand when
there was to be no other power。〃 The figures given above are by
Mallet du Pan； 〃Mémoires；〃 II。 120。
＇75＇ Moniteur； XII。 776 （session of June 28）。 Speech by M。 Lamarque；
in a district court： 〃The incivism of the district courts in general
is well known。〃
＇76＇ Bertand de Molleville； 〃Mémoires；〃 VI。 22。 After having
received the above instructions from the King； Bertrand calls on the
Queen； who makes the same remark： 〃Do you not think that fidelity to
one's oath is the only plan to pursue？〃 〃Yes； Madame； certainly。〃
〃Very well； rest assured that we shall not waver。 Come； M。 Bertrand；
take courage； I hope that with firmness； patience； and what comes of
that； all is not yet lost。〃
＇77＇ M。 de Lavalette； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 100。 Lavalette； in the
beginning of September； 1792； enlists as a volunteer and sets out；
along with two friends； carrying his knapsack on his back； dressed in
a short and wearing a forage cap。 The following shows the sentiments
of the peasantry： In a village of makers of wooden shoes； near
Vermanton （in the vicinity of Autun）； 〃two days before our arrival a
bishop and two vicars； who were escaping in a carriage； were stopped
by them。 They rummaged the vehicle and found some hundreds of francs；
and； to avoid returning these； they thought it best to massacre their
unfortunate owners。 This sort of occupation seeming more lucrative to
these good people than the other one； they were on the look…out for
all wayfarers。〃 The three volunteers are stopped by a little hump…
backed official and conducted to the municipality； a sort of market；
where their passports are read and their knapsacks are about to be
examined。 〃We were lost； when d'Aubonnes； who was very tall jumped on
the table。 。 。 and began with a volley of imprecations and market
slang which took his hearers by surprise。 Soon raising his style； he
launched out in patriotic terms； liberty； sovereignty of the people；
with such vehemence and in so loud a voice； as to suddenly effect a
great change and bring down thunders of applause。 But the crazy
fellow did not stop there。 Ordering Leclerc de la Ronde imperiously to
mount on the table； he addressed the assemblage： 〃You shall see
whether we are not Paris republicans。 Now； sir； say your republican
catechism … 'What is God？ what are the People？ and what is a King？'
His friend； with an air of contrition and in a nasal tone of voice；
twisting himself about like a harlequin； replies： 'God is matter； the
People are the poor； and the King is a lion； a tiger； an elephant who
tears to pieces； devours； and crushes the people down。'〃 〃They
could no longer restrain themselves。 The shouts； cries； and enthusiasm
were unbounded。 They embraced the actors； hugged them； and bore them
away。 Each strove to carry us home with him； and we had to drink all
round〃
＇78＇ The reader will meet the French expression sans…culottes again
and again in Taine's or any other book about the French revolution。
The nobles wore a kind of breeches terminating under the knee while
tight long stockings； fastened to the trousers； exposed their calves。
The male leg was as important an adornment for the nobles as it was to
be for the women in the 20th Century。 The poor； on the other hand；
wore crude long trousers； mostly without a crease； often without socks
or shoes； barefoot in the summer and wooden shoed in the winter。 （SR）。
＇79＇ The song of 〃Veillons au salut de l'empire〃 belongs to the end
of 1791。 The 〃Marseillaise〃 was composed in April； 1792。
＇80＇ Mercure de France； Nov。 23； 1791。
＇81＇ Philippe de Ségur； 〃Mémoires；〃 I。 （at Fresnes； a village situated
about seven leagues from Paris； a few days after Sep。 2； 1792）。 〃A
band of these demagogues pursued a large farmer of this place；
suspected of royalism and denounced as a monopoliser because he was
rich。 These madmen had seized him； and； without any other form of
trial； were about to put an end to him； when my father ran up to them。
He addressed them； and so successfully as to change their rage into a
no less exaggerated enthusiasm for humanity。 Animated by their new
transports； they obliged the poor farmer； still pale and trembling；
and whom they were just going to hang on its branches； to drink