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the origins of contemporary france-3-第17章

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customary rules; or; at the very least; to infringe on any rule

universally accepted; to wholly disregard the teachings of experience;

the letter of the law; the precepts of humanity; or the suggestions of

pity。  The minority; on the contrary; is determined beforehand to

win at any price; its views and opinion are correct; and if rules are

opposed to that; so much the worse for the rules。 At the decisive

moment; it claps a pistol to its adversary's head; overturns the

table; and collects the stakes。

____________________________________________________________________



NOTES:



'1' See the figures further on。



'2'  Mallet du Pan; II。 491。 Danton; in 1793; said one day to one of

his former brethren an advocate to the Council。 : 〃The old régime made

a great mistake。 It brought me up on a scholarship in Plessis College。

I was brought up with nobles; who were my comrades; and with whom I

lived on familiar terms。 On completing my studies; I had nothing; I

was poor and tried to get a place。 The Paris bar was very expensive;

and it required extensive efforts to be accepted。 I could not get into

the army; having neither rank nor patronage。 There was no opening for

me in the Church。 I could purchase no employment; for I hadn't a cent。

My old companions turned their backs on me。 I remained without a

situation; and only after many long years did I succeed in buying the

post of advocate in the Royal Council。 The Revolution came; when I;

and all like me; threw themselves into it。 The ancient régime forced

us to do so; by providing a good education for us; without providing

an opening for our talents。〃 This applies to Robespierre; C。

Desmoulins; Brissot; Vergniaud; and others。



'3' Religious order founded in Rome in 1654 by  saint Philippe Neri

and who dedicated their efforts to preaching and the education of

children。 (SR)



'4'  Dauban; 〃La Demagogie à Paris en 1793;〃 and 〃Paris in 1794。〃 Read

General Henriot's orders of the day in these two works。 Comparton;

〃Histoire du Tribunal Révolutionaire de Paris;〃 a letter by Trinchard;

I。 306 (which is here given in the original; on account of the

ortography): 〃Si tu nest pas toute seulle et que le compagnion soit a

travailler tu peus ma chaire amie ventir voir juger 24 mesieurs tous

si devent président ou conselier au parlement de Paris et de Toulouse。

Je t'ainvite a prendre quelque chose aven de venir parcheque nous

naurons pas fini de 3 hurres。 Je t'embrase ma chaire amie et épouge。〃…

Ibid。  II。 350; examination of André Chenier。 … Wallon; 〃Hist。 Du

Trib。 Rév。〃; I; 316。 Letter by Simon。 〃Je te coitte le bonjour mois

est mon est pousse。〃



'5'  Cf。 〃The Revolution;〃 page 60。



'6'  Cf。 On this point the admissions of the honest Bailly

(〃Mémoires;〃 passim)



'7'  Rétif de la Bretonne: 〃Nuits de Paris;〃 11éme nuit; p。 36。 〃I

lived in Paris twenty…five years as free as air。 All could enjoy as

much freedom as myself in two ways … by living uprightly; and by not

writing pamphlets against the ministry。 All else was permitted; my

freedom never being interfered with。 It is only since the Revolution

that a scoundrel could succeed in having me arrested twice。〃



'8' Cf。 〃The Revolution;〃 vol。 I。 p。264。



'9' Moniteur; IV。 495。 (Letter from Chartres; May 27; 1790。)



'10' Sauzay; I。147; 195 218; 711。



'11' Mercure de France; numbers of August 7; 14; 26; and Dec。 18;

1790。



'12' Ibid。 number of November 26; 1790。 Pétion is elected mayor of

Paris by 6;728 out of 10;632 voters。  〃Only 7;000 voters are found at

the election of the electors who elect deputies to the legislature。

Primary and municipal meetings are deserted in the same proportion。〃 …

…Moniteur; X。 529 (Number of Dec。 4; 1791)。 Manuel is elected Attorney

of the Commune by 3;770 out of 5;311 voters。  Ibid。 XI。 378。 At the

election of municipal officers for Paris; Feb。10 and 11; 1792; only

3;787 voters present themselves; Dussault; who obtains the most votes;

has 2;588; Sergent receives 1;648。  Buchez et Roux; XI。 238 (session

of Aug。12; 1791)。 Speech by Chapelier; 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F。6

(carton); 21。 Primary meeting of June 13; 1791; canton of Bèze (Cote

d'Or)。 Out of 460 active citizens; 157 are present; and; on the final

ballot; 58。 Ibid。; F7; 3235; (January; 1792)。 Lozerre: 〃1;000

citizens; at most; out of 25;000; voted in the primary meetings。 At。

Saint…Chèly; capital of the district; a few armed ruffians succeed in

forming the primary meeting and in substituting their own election for

that of eight parishes; whose frightened citizens who withdrew from

it。 。 。 At Langogne; chief town of the canton and district; out of

more than 400 active citizens; 22 or 23 at most  just what one would

suppose them to be when their presence drove away the rest  alone

formed the meeting。〃



'13' This power; with its gratifications; is thus shown; Beugnot; I。

140; 147。 〃On the publication of the decrees of August 4; the

committee of surveillance of Montigny; reinforced by all the patriots

of the country; came down like a torrent on the barony of Choiseul;

and exterminated all the hares and partridges。 。 。 They fished out the

ponds  。   At Mandres we find; in the best room of the inn; a dozen

peasants gathered around a table decked with tumblers and bottles;

amongst which we noticed an inkstand; pens; and something resembling a

register。   'I don't know what they are about;' said the landlady;

'but there they are; from morning till night; drinking; swearing; and

storming away at everybody; and they say that they are a committee。'〃



'14' Albert Babeau; I。 206; 242。  The first meeting of the

revolutionary committee of Troyes in the cemetery of St。 Jules;

August; 1789。 This committee becomes the only authority in the town;

after the assassination of the mayor; M。 Huez (Sept 10; 1790)。



'15' 〃The French Revolution;〃 Vol。I。 pp。 235; 242; 251。 … Buchez et

Roux; VI; 179。 … Guillon de Montléon; 〃Histoire de la Ville de Lyon

pendant la Revolution;〃 I。 87。  Guadet; 〃Les Girondins。〃



'16' Michelet; 〃Histoire de la Révolution;〃 II。47。



'17' The rules of the Paris club state that members must  〃labor to

establish and strengthen the Constitution; according to the spirit of

the club。〃



'18' Mercure de France; Aug。11; 1790。  〃Journal de la Société des

Amis la Constitution;〃 Nov。21; 1790。   Ibid。; March; 1791。 … Ibid。;

March; 1791。 … Ibid。; Aug。14; 1791 (speech by  R?derer)  Buchez et

Roux; XI。 481。



'19' Michelet; II。 407。  Moniteur; XII 347 (May 11; 1792); article

by Marie…Joseph Chénier; according to whom 800 Jacobin clubs exist at

this date。  Ibid。; XII。 753 (speech by M。 Delfaux session of June

25; 1792)。 …R?derer; preface to his translation of Hobbes。



'20'  〃Les Révolutions de Paris;〃 by Prudhomme; number 173。



'21' Constant; 〃Histoire d'un Club Jacobin en province; 〃passim

(Fontainbleau Club; founded May 5; 1791)。  Albert Babeau; I。434 and

following pages (foundation of the Troyes Club; Oct 1790)。   Sauzay;

I 206 and following pages (foundation of the Besan?on Club Aug。 28;

1790)。  Ibid。; 214 (foundation of the Pontarlier Club; March; 1791)



'22' Sauzay; I。 214 (April 2; 1791)



'23' 〃Journal des Amis de la Constitution;〃 I。 534 (Letter of the

〃Café  National〃 Club of Bordeaux;  Jan。29; 1791)。 Guillon de

Monthléon; I。 88。…〃The French Revolution;〃 vol。 I。 128; 242。







'24'  Here we have a complete system of propaganda and organizational

tactics identical to those used by the NAZIS; the Marxist…Leninists

and other 'children' of the original communist…Jacobins。 (SR。)



'25' Eugène Hatin; 〃Histoire politique et littéraire de la presse;〃

IV。 210 (with Marat's text in 〃L'Ami 〃I'Ami du peuple;〃 and Fréron's

in 〃l'Orateur du peuple〃)。



'26' Mercure de France; Nov。 27; 1790。



'27' Mercure de France; Sept。 3; 1791 (article by Mallet du Pan)。 〃On

the strength of a denunciation; the authors of which I knew; the

L
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