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〃I made the army a present of my life； general； when I waded out into the river yonder； and if I am still alive； it is all so much to the good。 One moment！ Do you care to see to the bottom of it？ Well； then； ever since SOMEBODY was pulled down from his place； I have ceased to care about anything。 And； after all；〃 he went on cheerfully； as he pointed to the land； 〃they have made over twenty thousand francs to me here； and I am taking it out in detail； as HE used to say！〃
〃Well； then； comrade；〃 said Genestas； touched by the grandeur of this forgiveness； 〃at least you shall have the only thing that you cannot prevent me from giving to you； here below。〃 The commandant tapped his heart； looked once more at the old pontooner； mounted his horse again； and went his way side by side with Benassis。
〃Such cruelty as this on the part of the government foments the strife between rich and poor；〃 said the doctor。 〃People who exercise a little brief authority have never given a serious thought to the consequences that must follow an act of injustice done to a man of the people。 It is true that a poor man who needs must work for his daily bread cannot long keep up the struggle； but he can talk； and his words find an echo in every sufferer's heart； so that one bad case of this kind is multiplied； for every one who hears of it feels it as a personal wrong； and the leaven works。 Even this is not so serious； but something far worse comes of it。 Among the people； these causes of injustice bring about a chronic state of smothered hatred for their social superiors。 The middle class becomes the poor man's enemy； they lie without the bounds of his moral code； he tells lies to them and robs them without scruple； indeed； theft ceases to be a crime or a misdemeanor； and is looked upon as an act of vengeance。
〃When an official； who ought to see that the poor have justice done them； uses them ill and cheats them of their due； how can we expect the poor starving wretches to bear their troubles meekly and to respect the rights of property？ It makes me shudder to think that some understrapper whose business it is to dust papers in a government office； has pocketed Gondrin's promised thousand francs of pension。 And yet there are folk who； never having measured the excess of the people's sufferings； accuse the people of excess in the day of their vengeance！ When a government has done more harm than good to individuals； its further existence depends on the merest accident； the masses square the account after their fashion by upsetting it。 A statesman ought always to imagine Justice with the poor at her feet； for justice was only invented for the poor。〃
When they had come within the compass of the township； Benassis saw two people walking along the road in front of them； and turned to his companion； who had been absorbed for some time in thought。
〃You have seen a veteran soldier resigned to his life of wretchedness； and now you are about to see an old agricultural laborer who is submitting to the same lot。 The man there ahead of us has dug and sown and toiled for others all his life。〃
Genestas looked and saw an old laborer making his way along the road； in company with an aged woman。 He seemed to be afflicted with some form of sciatica； and limped painfully along。 His feet were encased in a wretched pair of sabots； and a sort of wallet hung over his shoulder。 Several tools lay in the bottom of the bag； their handles； blackened with long use and the sweat of toil； rattled audibly together； while the other end of the wallet behind his shoulder held bread； some walnuts； and a few fresh onions。 His legs seemed to be warped； as it were； his back was bent by continual toil； he stooped so much as he walked that he leaned on a long stick to steady himself。 His snow…white hair escaped from under a battered hat； grown rusty by exposure to all sorts of weather； and mended here and there with visible stitches of white thread。 His clothes； made of a kind of rough canvas； were a mass of patches of contrasting colors。 This piece of humanity in ruins lacked none of the characteristics that appeal to our hearts when we see ruins of other kinds。
His wife held herself somewhat more erect。 Her clothing was likewise a mass of rags； and the cap that she wore was of the coarsest materials。 On her back she carried a rough earthen jar by means of a thong passed through the handles of the great pitcher； which was round in shape and flattened at the sides。 They both looked up when they heard the horses approaching； saw that it was Benassis； and stopped。
The man had worked till he was almost past work； and his faithful helpmate was no less broken with toil。 It was painful to see how the summer sun and the winter's cold had blackened their faces； and covered them with such deep wrinkles that their features were hardly discernible。 It was not their life history that had been engraven on their faces； but it might be gathered from their attitude and bearing。 Incessant toil had been the lot of both； they had worked and suffered together； they had had many troubles and few joys to share； and now； like captives grown accustomed to their prison； they seemed to be too familiar with wretchedness to heed it； and to take everything as it came。 Yet a certain frank light…heartedness was not lacking in their faces； and on a closer view； their monotonous life； the lot of so many a poor creature； well…nigh seemed an enviable one。 Trouble had set its unmistakable mark on them； but petty cares had left no traces there。
〃Well； my good Father Moreau； I suppose there is no help for it； and you must always be working？〃
〃Yes； M。 Benassis； there are one or two more bits of waste that I mean to clear for you before I knock off work；〃 the old man answered cheerfully； and light shone in his little black eyes。
〃Is that wine that your wife is carrying？ If you will not take a rest now； you ought at any rate to take wine。〃
〃I take a rest？ I should not know what to do with myself。 The sun and the fresh air put life into me when I am out of doors and busy grubbing up the land。 As to the wine； sir； yes； that is wine sure enough； and it is all through your contriving I know that the Mayor at Courteil lets us have it for next to nothing。 Ah； you managed it very cleverly； but； all the same； I know you had a hand in it。〃
〃Oh！ come； come！ Good…day； mother。 You are going to work on that bit of land of Champferlu's to…day of course？〃
〃Yes； sir； I made a beginning there yesterday evening。〃
〃Capital！〃 said Benassis。 〃It must be a satisfaction to you； at times； to see this hillside。 You two have broken up almost the whole of the land on it yourselves。〃
〃Lord！ yes； sir；〃 answered the old woman； 〃it has been our doing！ We have fairly earned our bread。〃
〃Work； you see； and land to cultivate are the poor man's consols。 That good man would think himself disgraced if he went into the poorhouse or begged for his bread； he would choose to die pickaxe in hand； out in the open； in the sunlight。 Faith； he bears a proud heart in him。 He has worked until work has become his very life； and yet death has no terrors for him！ He is a profound philosopher； little as he suspects it。 Old Moreau's case suggested the idea to me of founding an almshouse for the country people of the district； a refuge for those who； after working hard all their lives； have reached an honorable old age of poverty。
〃I had by no means expected to make the fortune which I have acquired here； indeed； I myself have no use for it； for a man who has fallen from the pinnacle of his hopes needs very little。 It costs but little to live； the idler's life alone is a costly one； and I am not sure that the unproductive consumer is not robbing the community at large。 There was some discussion about Napoleon's pension after his fall； it came to his ears； and he said that five francs a day and a horse to ride was all that he needed。 I meant to have no more to do with money when I came here； but after a time I saw that money means power； and that it is in fact a necessity； if any good is to be done。 So I have made arrangements in my will for turning my house into an almshouse； in which old people who have not Moreau's fierce independence can end