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t was he not a tool of the most valuable kind？ Woe to him who despises his axe； or flings it carelessly aside！ Would it not have been very inconsistent； moreover； if I； who wished to improve a district； had shrunk back at the thought of improving one man in it？
〃A road was our first and most pressing need in bringing about a better state of things。 If we could obtain permission from the Municipal Council to make a hard road； so as to put us in communication with the highway to Grenoble； the deputy…mayor would be the first gainer by it； for instead of dragging his timber over rough tracks at a great expense； a good road through the canton would enable him to transport it more easily； and to engage in a traffic on a large scale； in all kinds of wood； that would bring in moneynot a miserable six hundred francs a year； but handsome sums which would mean a certain fortune for him some day。 Convinced at last； he became my proselytizer。
〃Through the whole of one winter the ex…mayor got into the way of explaining to our citizens that a good road for wheeled traffic would be a source of wealth to the whole country round； for it would enable every one to do a trade with Grenoble； he held forth on this head at the tavern while drinking with his intimates。 When the Municipal Council had authorized the making of the road； I went to the prefect and obtained some money from the charitable funds at the disposal of the department； in order to pay for the hire of carts； for the Commune was unable to undertake the transport of road metal for lack of wheeled conveyances。 The ignorant began to murmur against me； and to say that I wanted to bring the days of the corvee back again； this made me anxious to finish this important work； that they might speedily appreciate its benefits。 With this end in view； every Sunday during my first year of office I drew the whole population of the township； willing or unwilling； up on to the mountain； where I myself had traced out on a hard bottom the road between our village and the highway to Grenoble。 Materials for making it were fortunately to be had in plenty along the site。
〃The tedious enterprise called for a great deal of patience on my part。 Some who were ignorant of the law would refuse at times to give their contribution of labor； others again； who had not bread to eat； really could not afford to lose a day。 Corn had to be distributed among these last； and the others must be soothed with friendly words。 Yet by the time we had finished two…thirds of the road； which in all is about two leagues in length； the people had so thoroughly recognized its advantages that the remaining third was accomplished with a spirit that surprised me。 I added to the future wealth of the Commune by planting a double row of poplars along the ditch on either side of the way。 The trees are already almost worth a fortune； and they make our road look like a king's highway。 It is almost always dry； by reason of its position； and it was so well made that the annual cost of maintaining it is a bare two hundred francs。 I must show it to you； for you cannot have seen it； you must have come by the picturesque way along the valley bottom； a road which the people decided to make for themselves three years later； so as to connect the various farms that were made there at that time。 In three years ideas had rooted themselves in the common sense of this township； hitherto so lacking in intelligence that a passing traveler would perhaps have thought it hopeless to attempt to instil them。 But to continue。
〃The establishment of the basket…maker was an example set before these poverty…stricken folk that they might profit by it。 And if the road was to be a direct cause of the future wealth of the canton； all the primary forms of industry must be stimulated； or these two germs of a better state of things would come to nothing。 My own work went forward by slow degrees； as I helped my osier farmer and wicker…worker and saw to the making of the road。
〃I had two horses； and the timber merchant； the deputy…mayor； had three。 He could only have them shod whenever he went over to Grenoble； so I induced a farrier to take up his abode here； and undertook to find him plenty of work。 On the same day I met with a discharged soldier； who had nothing but his pension of a hundred francs； and was sufficiently perplexed about his future。 He could read and write； so I engaged him as secretary to the mayor； as it happened； I was lucky enough to find a wife for him； and his dreams of happiness were fulfilled。
〃Both of these new families needed houses； as well as the basket…maker and twenty…two others from the cretin village； soon afterwards twelve more households were established in the place。 The workers in each of these families were at once producers and consumers。 They were masons； carpenters； joiners； slaters； blacksmiths； and glaziers； and there was work enough to last them for a long time； for had they not their own houses to build when they had finished those for other people？ Seventy； in fact； were build in the Commune during my second year of office。 One form of production demands another。 The additions to the population of the township had created fresh wants； hitherto unknown among these dwellers in poverty。 The wants gave rise to industries； and industries to trade； and the gains of trade raised the standard of comfort； which in its turn gave them practical ideas。
〃The various workmen wished to buy their bread ready baked； so we came to have a baker。 Buckwheat could no longer be the food of a population which； awakened from its lethargy； had become essentially active。 They lived on buckwheat when I first came among them； and I wished to effect a change to rye； or a mixture of rye and wheat in the first instance； and finally to see a loaf of white bread even in the poorest household。 Intellectual progress； to my thinking； was entirely dependent on a general improvement in the conditions of life。 The presence of a butcher in the district says as much for its intelligence as for its wealth。 The worker feeds himself； and a man who feeds himself thinks。 I had made a very careful study of the soil； for I foresaw a time when it would be necessary to grow wheat。 I was sure of launching the place in a very prosperous agricultural career； and of doubling the population； when once it had begun to work。 And now the time had come。
〃M。 Gravier； of Grenoble； owned a great deal of land in the commune； which brought him in no rent； but which might be turned into corn… growing land。 He is the head of a department in the Prefecture； as you know。 It was a kindness for his own countryside quite as much as my earnest entreaties that won him over。 He had very benevolently yielded to my importunities on former occasions； and I succeeded in making it clear to him that in so doing he had wrought unconsciously for his own benefit。 After several days spent in pleadings； consultation； and talk； the matter was thrashed out。 I undertook to guarantee him against all risks in the undertaking； from which his wife； a woman of no imagination； sought to frighten him。 He agreed to build four farmhouses with a hundred acres of land attached to each； and promised to advance the sums required to pay for clearing the ground； for seeds； ploughing gear； and cattle； and for making occupation roads。
〃I myself also started two farms； quite as much for the sake of bringing my waste land into cultivation as with a view to giving an object…lesson in the use of modern methods in agriculture。 In six weeks' time the population of the town increased to three hundred people。 Homes for several families must be built on the six farms； there was a vast quantity of land to be broken up； the work called for laborers。 Wheelwrights； drainmakers； journeymen； and laborers of all kinds flocked in。 The road to Grenoble was covered with carts that came and went。 All the countryside was astir。 The circulation of money had made every one anxious to earn it； apathy had ceased； the place had awakened。
〃The story of M。 Gravier； one of those who did so much for this canton； can be concluded in a few words。 In spite of cautious misgivings； not unnatural in a man occupying an official position in a provincia