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The Grand Canyon of Arizona： How to See It
by George Wharton James
Revised Edition
Boston： Little； Brown； and Company
Kansas City： Fred Harvey
1912
PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION
Because of the completion of a new driveway along the Rim of the Grand Canyon； and of a new trail to the Colorado River； a second edition of this book is deemed necessary。
These improvements； which have recently been made by the Santa Fe Railway； are known as Hermit Rim Road and Hermit Trail。 The first； said to be the most unique road in the world； is nine miles long on the brink of the Canyon； and the other； a wide and safe pathway down the south wall。
The contents of the volume has been revised； and descriptions of Hermit Rim Road and Hermit Trail have been added。 There are also new portions describing the drives and trips that may be taken through the forest on the Rim and in the Canyon itself； each carefully planned so that the traveler may devote to sightseeing whatever amount of time he desires。
With these additions and alterations； the original plan to provide a convenient handbook for all travelers to the Grand Canyon is more complete。
FOREWORD
Upwards of ten years ago I sat on the south rim of the Grand Canyon and wrote 〃In and Around the Grand Canyon。〃 In that book I included much that more than a decade of wandering up and down the trails of this great abyss had taught me。 At that time the only accommodations for sightseers were stage lines or private conveyance from Flagstaff and Ash Fork； and； on arrival at the Canyon； the crude hotel…camps at Hance's； Grand View； Bright Angel； and Bass's。 The railway north from Williams was being built。 Everything was crude and primitive。
Now the railway is completed and has become an integral part of the great Santa Fe System； with at least two trains a day each way carrying Pullman sleepers； chair cars and coaches。 At Bright Angel； where the railway deposits its passengers at the rim of the Canyon； stands El Tovar Hotel； erected by the railway company at a cost of over a quarter of a million dollars； which is equipped and conducted by Fred Harvey。 Yet El Tovar is more like a country club than a hotel； in many respects； and； to that extent； is better。
Hence while nothing in the canyon itself has changed； and while my book； 〃In and Around the Grand Canyon；〃 is still as helpful to the traveler and general reader as ever； there has been a growing demand for a new book which should give the information needed by the traveler who comes under the new conditions； telling him how he may best avail himself of them。 This book is written to meet this demand。 It therefore partakes more of the character of a guide book than the former volume； so it has been decided to make it lighter in weight and handier in form； so that it can be slipped into the pocket or handbag； and thus used on the spot by those who wish a ready reference handbook。
Used in connection with the earlier volume or alone for it is complete in itself in all its detailsit cannot fail to give a clearer and fuller comprehension of this 〃Waterway of the Gods；〃the most incomparable piece of rugged scenery in the known world。
George Wharton James El Tovar； Grand Canyon； September； 1909。
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
I。 THE GRAND CANYON OF ARIZONA
II。 ON THE GRAND CANYON RAILWAY TO EL TOVAR
III。 EL TOVAR AND ITS EQUIPMENTS
IV。 THE GRAND CANYON AT EL TOVAR
V。 THREE WAYS OF SPENDING ONE DAY AT THE CANYON
VI。 HOW TO SPEND TWO TO FIVE DAYS AT EL TOVAR
VII。 HOW FULLY TO SEE AND KNOW THE GRAND CANYON REGION
VIII。 FROM EL TOVAR DOWN THE BRIGHT ANGEL TRAIL
IX。 TO GRAND VIEW AND DOWN THE GRAND VIEW TRAIL
X。 A NEW 〃RIM〃 ROAD AND TRAIL INTO THE SCENIC HEART OF THE CANYON
XI。 FROM EL TOVAR TO BASS CAMP AND DOWN THE BASS TRAIL
XII。 ACROSS THE GRAND CANYON TO POINT SUBLIME
XIII。 HOW THE CANYON WAS FORMED
XIV。 THE CANYONABOVE AND BELOW
XV。 THE HOPI HOUSE
XVI。 VISITING INDIANS AT EL TOVAR
XVII。 THE NAVAHO AND HOPI BLANKET WEAVERS
XVIII。 PUEBLO AND NAVAHO POTTERY AND SILVERWARE
XIX。 THE HOPIS AND THEIR SNARE DANCE
XX。 AN HISTORIC TRAIL ACROSS THE GRAND CANYON COUNTRY
XXI。 THE NAVAHO AND HIS DESERT HOME
XXII。 FROM EL TOVAR TO THE HAVASUPAI INDIANS AND THEIR WONDERFUL CATARACT CANYON HOMES
XXIII。 THE FIRST DISCOVERERS AND INHABITANTS OF THE GRAND CANYON
XXIV。 EL TOVAR AND CARDENAS AND THE MODERN DISCOVERY OF THE GRAND CANYON
XXV。 FRAY MARCOS AND GARCES； AND THEIR CONNECTION WITH THE GRAND CANYON
XXVI。 POWELL'S AND OTHER EXPLORATIONS OF THE GRAND CANYON
XXVII。 INDIAN LEGENDS ABOUT THE GRAND CANYON
XXVIII。 THE COLORADO RIVER FROM THE MOUNTAINS TO THE SEA
XXIX。 CLIMATE AND WEATHER AT THE GRAND CANYON
XXX。 THE GRAND CANYON FOR PLEASURE； REST AND RECUPERATION
XXXI。 THE STORY OF A BOAT
XXXII。 THE GRAND CANYON A FOREST RESERVE； GAME PRESERVE AND NATIONAL MONUMENT
CHAPTER I。 The Grand Canyon Of Arizona
Only One Grand Canyon。 The ancient world had its seven wonders； but they were all the work of man。 The modern world of the United States has easily its seven wondersNiagara； the Yellowstone； Yosemite； the Natural Bridge； the Mammoth Cave； the Petrified Forest and the Grand Canyon of Arizonabut they are all the work of God。 It is hard； in studying the seven wonders of the ancients； to decide which is the most wonderful； but now that the Canyon is known all men unite in affirming that the greatest of all wonders； ancient or modern； is the Grand Canyon of Arizona。 Some men say there are several Grand Canyons； but to the one who knows there is but one Grand Canyon。 The use of the word to name any lesser gorge is a sacrilege as well as a misnomer。
Not in the spirit of carping criticism or of reckless boasting are these words uttered。 It is the dictum of sober truth。 It is wrong to even unintentionally mislead a whole people by the misuse of names。 Until made fully aware of the facts； the traveling world are liable to error。 They want to see the Grand Canyon。 They are shown these inferior gorges； each called the Grand Canyon； and； because they do not know； they accept the half…truth。 The other canyons they see are great enough in themselves to claim their closest study； and worthy to have distinctive names bestowed upon them。 But； as Clarence Dutton； the eminent geologist； has well said in his important scientific monograph written for the United States Geological Survey： 〃The name Grand Canyon repeatedly has been infringed for purposes of advertisement。 The Canyon of the Yellowstone has been called 'The Grand Canyon。' A more flagrant piracy is the naming of the gorge of the Arkansas River 'The Grand Canyon of Colorado；' and many persons who have visited it have been persuaded that they have seen the great chasm。 These river valleys are certainly very pleasing and picturesque； but there is no more comparison between them and the mighty chasm of the Colorado River than there is between the Alleghanies and the Himalayas。
Sublimity of the Grand Canyon。 〃Those who have long and carefully studied the Grand Canyon of the Colorado do not hesitate for a moment to pronounce it by far the most sublime of all earthly spectacles。 If its sublimity consisted only in its dimensions； it could be set forth in a single sentence。 It is more than two hundred miles long； from five to twelve miles wide； and from five thousand to six thousand feet deep。 There are in the world valleys which are longer and a few which are deeper。 There are valleys flanked by summits loftier than the palisades of the Kaibab。 Still the Grand Canyon is the sublimest thing on earth。 It is so not alone by virtue of its magnitudes； but by virtue of the whole its tout ensemble。〃
What； then； is this Grand Canyon； for which its friends dare to make so large and bold a claim？
It is a portiona very small portionof the waterway of the Colorado River； and it is so named to differentiate it from the other canyons of the same river。 The canyon system of the Colorado River is as vast in its extent as is the Grand Canyon in its quality of sublimity。 For it consists of such a maze of canyonsthe main canyons through which the river itself runs； the canyons through which its tributari