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then shrank back against the side…bars。 Again the chair was rapped； his nose was lashed； his ribs were jabbed； and he was forced by pain toward the chair。 This went on interminablyfor a quarter of an hour； for half an hour； for an hour； for the men…animals had the patience of gods while he was only a jungle…brute。 Thus tigers are broken。 And the verb means just what it means。 A performing animal is BROKEN。 Something BREAKS in an animal of the wild ere such an animal submits to do tricks before pay…audiences。
Mulcachy ordered an assistant to enter the arena with him。 Since he could not compel the tiger directly to sit in the chair； he must employ other means。 The rope about Ben Bolt's neck was passed up through the bars and rove through the block…and…tackle。 At signal from Mulcachy； the ten men hauled away。 Snarling； struggling； choking； in a fresh madness of terror at this new outrage； Ben Bolt was slowly hoisted by his neck up from the floor； until； quite clear of it； whirling； squirming； battling； suspended by his neck like a man being hanged； his wind was shut off and he began to suffocate。 He coiled and twisted； the splendid muscles of his body enabling him almost to tie knots in it。
The block…and…tackle； running like a trolley on the overhead track； made it possible for the assistant to seize his tail and drag him through the air till he was above the chair。 His helpless body guided thus by the tail； his chest jabbed by the iron fork in Mulcachy's hands； the rope was suddenly lowered； and Ben Bolt； with swimming brain； found himself seated in the chair。 On the instant he leaped for the floor； received a blow on the nose from the heavy whip…handle； and had a blank cartridge fired straight into his nostril。 His madness of pain and fear was multiplied。 He sprang away in flight； but Mulcachy's voice rang out； 〃Hoist him！〃 and he slowly rose in the air again； hanging by his neck； and began to strangle。
Once more he was swung into position by his tail； jabbed in the chest； and lowered suddenly on the runbut so suddenly； with a frantic twist of his body on his part； that he fell violently across the chair on his belly。 What little wind was left him from the strangling； seemed to have been ruined out of him by the violence of the fall。 The glare in his eyes was maniacal and swimming。 He panted frightfully； and his head rolled back and forth。 Slaver dripped from his mouth； blood ran from his nose。
〃Hoist away！〃 Mulcachy shouted。
And again； struggling frantically as the tightening collar shut off his wind； Ben Bolt was slowly lifted into the air。 So wildly did he struggle that； ere his hind feet were off the floor； he pranced back and forth； so that when he was heaved clear his body swung like a huge pendulum。 Over the chair； he was dropped； and for a fraction of a second the posture was his of a man sitting in a chair。 Then he uttered a terrible cry and sprang。
It was neither snarl； nor growl； nor roar； that cry； but a sheer scream； as if something had broken inside of him。 He missed Mulcachy by inches； as another blank cartridge exploded up his other nostril and as the men with the rope snapped him back so abruptly as almost to break his neck。
This time； lowered quickly； he sank into the chair like a half… empty sack of meal； and continued so to sink； until； crumpling at the middle； his great tawny head falling forward； he lay on the floor unconscious。 His tongue； black and swollen； lolled out of his mouth。 As buckets of water were poured on him he groaned and moaned。 And here ended the first lesson。
〃It's all right；〃 Mulcachy said； day after day； as the teaching went on。 〃Patience and hard work will pull off the trick。 I've got his goat。 He's afraid of me。 All that's required is time； and time adds to value with an animal like him。〃
Not on that first day； nor on the second； nor on the third； did the requisite something really break inside Ben Bolt。 But at the end of a fortnight it did break。 For the day came when Mulcachy rapped the chair with his whip…butt； when the attendant through the bars jabbed the iron fork into Ben Bolt's ribs； and when Ben Bolt； anything but royal； slinking like a beaten alley…cat； in pitiable terror； crawled over to the chair and sat down in it like a man。 He now was an 〃educated〃 tiger。 The sight of him； so sitting； tragically travestying man； has been considered； and is considered； 〃educative〃 by multitudinous audiences。
The second case； that of St。 Elias； was a harder one； and it was marked down against Mulcachy as one of his rare failures； though all admitted that it was an unavoidable failure。 St。 Elias was a huge monster of an Alaskan bear； who was good…natured and even facetious and humorous after the way of bears。 But he had a will of his own that was correspondingly as stubborn as his bulk。 He could be persuaded to do things； but he would not tolerate being compelled to do things。 And in the trained…animal world； where turns must go off like clockwork； is little or no space for persuasion。 An animal must do its turn； and do it promptly。 Audiences will not brook the delay of waiting while a trainer tries to persuade a crusty or roguish beast to do what the audience has paid to see it do。
So St。 Elias received his first lesson in compulsion。 It was also his last lesson； and it never progressed so far as the training… arena； for it took place in his own cage。
Noosed in the customary way； his four legs dragged through the bars； and his head； by means of a 〃choke〃 collar； drawn against the bars； he was first of all manicured。 Each one of his great claws was cut off flush with his flesh。 The men outside did this。 Then Mulcachy； on the inside； punched his nose。 Not lightly as it sounds was this operation。 The punch was a perforation。 Thrusting the instrument into the huge bear's nostril； Mulcachy cut a clean round chunk of living meat out of one side of it。 Mulcachy knew the bear business。 At all times； to make an untrained bear obey； one must be fast to some sensitive portion of the bear。 The ears； the nose； and the eyes are the accessible sensitive parts； and； the eyes being out of the question； remain the nose and the ears as the parts to which to make fast。
Through the perforation Mulcachy immediately clamped a metal ring。 To the ring he fastened a long 〃lunge〃…rope； which was well named。 Any unruly lunge； at any time during all the subsequent life of St。 Elias； could thus be checked by the man who held the lunge… rope。 His destiny was patent and ordained。 For ever； as long as he lived and breathed； would he be a prisoner and slave to the rope in the ring in his nostril。
The nooses were slipped； and St。 Elias was at liberty； within the confines of his cage； to get acquainted with the ring in his nose。 With his powerful fore…paws； standing erect and roaring； he proceeded to get acquainted with the ring。 It certainly was not a thing persuasible。 It was living fire。 And he tore at it with his paws as he would have torn at the stings of bees when raiding a honey…tree。 He tore the thing out； ripping the ring clear through the flesh and transforming the round perforation into a ragged chasm of pain。
Mulcachy cursed。 〃Here's where hell coughs；〃 he said。 The nooses were introduced again。 Again St。 Elias； helpless on his side against and partly through the bars； had his nose punched。 This time it was the other nostril。 And hell coughed。 As before； the moment he was released； he tore the ring out through his flesh。
Mulcachy was disgusted。 〃Listen to reason； won't you？〃 he objurgated； as； this time； the reason he referred to was the introduction of the ring clear through both nostrils； higher up； and through the central dividing wall of cartilage。 But St。 Elias was unreasonable。 Unlike Ben Bolt； there was nothing inside of him weak enough； or nervous enough； or high…strung enough； to break。 The moment he was free he ripped the ring away with half of his nose along with it。 Mulcachy punched St。 Elias's right ear。 St。 Elias tore his right ear to shreds。 Mulcachy punched his left ear。 He tore his left ear to shreds。 And Mulcachy gave in。 He had to。 As he said plaintively：
〃We're beaten。 There ain't noth