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that is hard and painful； is very bad； provided it occupy the whole
hypochondrium； but if it be on either side； it is less dangerous
when on the left。 Such swellings at the commencement of the disease
prognosticate speedy death； but if the fever has passed twenty days；
and the swelling has not subsided； it turns to a suppuration。 A
discharge of blood from the nose occurs to such in the first period；
and proves very useful； but inquiry should be made if they have
headache or indistinct vision； for if there be such； the disease
will be determined thither。 The discharge of blood is rather to be
expected in those who are younger than thirty…five years。 Such
swellings as are soft； free from pain； and yield to the finger；
occasion more protracted crises； and are less dangerous than the
others。 But if the fever continue beyond sixty days； without any
subsidence of the swelling； it indicates that empyema is about to take
place； and a swelling in any other part of the cavity will terminate
in like manner。 Such； then； as are painful； hard； and large；
indicate danger of speedy death； but such as are soft； free of pain；
and yield when pressed with the finger； are more chronic than these。
Swellings in the belly less frequently form abscesses than those in
the hypochondrium； and seldomest of all； those below the navel are
converted into suppuration； but you may rather expect a hemorrhage
from the upper parts。 But the suppuration of all protracted
swellings about these parts is to be anticipated。 The collections of
matter there are to be thus judged of： such as are determined outwards
are the best when they are small； when they protrude very much； and
swell to a point； such as are large and broad； and which do not
swell out to a sharp point； are the worst。 Of such as break
internally； the best are those which have no external communication；
but are covered and indolent； and when the whole place is free from
discoloration。 That pus is best which is white； homogeneous； smooth；
and not at all fetid； the contrary to this is the worst。
8。 All dropsies arising from acute diseases are bad； for they do not
remove the fever； and are very painful and fatal。 The most of them
commence from the flanks and loins； but some from the liver； in
those which derive their origin from the flanks and loins the feet
swell； protracted diarrhoeas supervene； which neither remove the pains
in the flanks and loins； nor soften the belly； but in dropsies which
are connected with the liver there is a tickling cough； with
scarcely any perceptible expectoration； and the feet swell； there
are no evacuations from the bowels； unless such as are hard and
forced； and there are swellings about the belly； sometimes on the
one side and sometimes on the other； and these increase and diminish
by turns。
9。 It is a bad symptom when the head； hands； and feet are cold；
while the belly and sides are hot； but it is a very good symptom
when the whole body is equally hot。 The patient ought to be able to
turn round easily； and to be agile when raised up； but if he appear
heavy in the rest of his body as well as in his hands and feet； it
is more dangerous； and if； in addition to the weight； his nails and
fingers become livid； immediate death may be anticipated； and if the
hands and feet be black it is less dangerous than if they be livid；
but the other symptoms must be attended； to； for if he appear to
bear the illness well； and if certain of the salutary symptoms
appear along with these there may be hope that the disease will turn
to a deposition； so that the man may recover； but the blackened
parts of the body will drop off。 When the testicles and members are
retracted upwards； they indicate strong pains and danger of death。
10。 With regard to sleep… as is usual with us in health； the patient
should wake during the day and sleep during the night。 If this rule be
anywise altered it is so far worse： but there will be little harm
provided he sleep in the morning for the third part of the day； such
sleep as takes place after this time is more unfavorable； but the
worst of all is to get no sleep either night or day； for it follows
from this symptom that the insomnolency is connected with sorrow and
pains； or that he is about to become delirious。
11。 The excrement is best which is soft and consistent； is passed at
the hour which was customary to the patient when in health； in
quantity proportionate to the ingests； for when the passages are such；
the lower belly is in a healthy state。 But if the discharges be fluid；
it is favorable that they are not accompanied with a noise； nor are
frequent； nor in great quantity； for the man being oppressed by
frequently getting up； must be deprived of sleep； and if the
evacuations be both frequent and large； there is danger of his falling
into deliquium animi。 But in proportion to the ingesta he should
have evacuations twice or thrice in the day； once at night and more
copiously in the morning； as is customary with a person in health。 The
faeces should become thicker when the disease is tending to a
crisis； they ought to be yellowish and not very fetid。 It is favorable
that round worms be passed with the discharges when the disease is
tending to a crisis。 The belly； too； through the whole disease； should
be soft and moderately distended； but excrements that are very watery；
or white； or green； or very red； or frothy； are all bad。 It is also
bad when the discharge is small； and viscid； and white； and
greenish； and smooth； but still more deadly appearances are the black；
or fatty； or livid； or verdigris…green； or fetid。 Such as are of
varied characters indicate greater duration of the complaint； but
are no less dangerous； such as those which resemble scrapings； those
which are bilious； those resembling leeks； and the black； these
being sometimes passed together； and sometimes singly。 It is best when
wind passes without noise； but it is better that flatulence should
pass even thus than that it should be retained； and when it does
pass thus； it indicates either that the man is in pain or in delirium；
unless he gives vent to the wind spontaneously。 Pains in the
hypochondria； and swellings； if recent； and not accompanied with
inflammation； are relieved by borborygmi supervening in the
hypochondrium； more especially if it pass off with faeces； urine；
and wind； but even although not； it will do good by passing along； and
it also does good by descending to the lower part of the belly。
12。 The urine is best when the sediment is white； smooth； and
consistent during the whole time； until the disease come to a
crisis； for it indicates freedom from danger； and an illness of
short duration； but if deficient； and if it be sometimes passed clear；
and sometimes with a white and smooth sediment； the disease will be
more protracted； and not so void of danger。 But if the urine be
reddish； and the sediment consistent and smooth； the affection； in
this case； will be more protracted than the former； but still not
fatal。 But farinaceous sediments in the urine are bad； and still worse
are the leafy； the white and thin are very bad； but the furfuraceous
are still worse than these。 Clouds carried about in the urine are good
when white； but bad if black。 When the urine is yellow and thin； it
indicates that the disease is unconcocted； and if it （the disease）
should be protracted； there maybe danger lest the patient should not
hold out until the urine be concocted。 But the most deadly of all
kinds of urine are the fetid； watery； black； and thick； in adult men
and women the black is of all kinds of urine the worst； but in
children； the watery。 In those who pass thin and crude urine for a
length of time； if they have otherwise symptoms of convalescence； an
abscess may be expected to form in the parts below the diaphragm。
And fatty substances floating on the surface are to be dreaded； for
they are indications of melting。 And one should consider respecting
the kinds of urine； which have clouds； whether they tend upwards or
downwards； and upwards or downwards