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and when the enemies came； she said to them from the tower； 〃You are my
sons； why are you acting so unnaturally and rebelliously？〃 They replied；
〃If you do not believe me；〃 she said； 〃look； all of you； towards me； and
open your mouths。〃 She then pressed her breasts with her two hands； and
each sent forth 500 jets of milk； which fell into the mouths of the thousand
sons。 The thieves （thus） knew that she was their mother； and laid down
their bows and weapons。＇5＇ The two kings； the fathers； thereupon fell into
reflection； and both got to be Pratyeka Buddhas。＇6＇ The tope of the two
Pratyeka Buddhas is still existing。
In a subsequent age； when the World…honoured one had attained to
perfect Wisdom （and become Buddha）； he said to is disciples； 〃This is the
place where I in a former age laid down my bow and weapons。〃＇7＇ It was
thus that subsequently men got to know （the fact）； and raised the tope on
this spot； which in this way received its name。 The thousand little boys
were the thousand Buddhas of this Bhadra…kalpa。＇8＇
It was by the side of the 〃Weapons…laid…down〃 tope that Buddha；
having given up the idea of living longer； said to Ananda； 〃In three months
from this I will attain to pavi…nirvana；〃 and king Mara＇9＇ had so fascinated
and stupefied Ananda； that he was not able to ask Buddha to remain longer
in this world。
Three or four le east from this place there is a tope （commemorating
the following occurrence）：A hundred years after the pari…nirvana of
Buddha； some Bhikshus of Vaisali went wrong in the matter of the
disciplinary rules in ten particulars； and appealed for their justification to
what they said were the words of Buddha。 Hereupon the Arhats and
Bhikshus observant of the rules； to the number in all of 700 monks；
examined afresh and collated the collection of disciplinary books。＇10＇
Subsequently men built at this place the tope （in question）； which is still
existing。
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NOTES
＇1＇ It is difficult to tell what was the peculiar form of this vihara from
which it gets its name； something about the construction of its door； or
cupboards； or galleries。
＇2＇ See the explanation of this in the next chapter。
＇3＇ Ambapali； Amrapali； or Amradarika； 〃the guardian of the Amra
（probably the mango） tree；〃 is famous in Buddhist annals。 See the account
of her in M。 B。； pp。 456…8。 She was a courtesan。 She had been in many
narakas or hells； was 100；000 times a female beggar； and 10；000 times a
prostitute； but maintaining perfect continence during the period of
Kasyapa Buddha； Sakyamuni's predecessor； she had been born a devi； and
finally appeared in earth under an Amra tree in Vaisali。 There again she
fell into her old ways； and had a son by king Bimbisara； but she was won
over by Buddha to virtue and chastity； renounced the world； and attained
to the state of an Arhat。 See the earliest account of Ambapali's presentation
of the garden in 〃Buddhist Suttas；〃 pp。 30…33； and the note there from
Bishop Bigandet on pp。 33； 34。
＇4＇ Beal gives； 〃In this place I have performed the last religious act of
my earthly career；〃 Giles； 〃This is the last place I shall visit；〃 Remusat；
〃C'est un lieu ou je reviendrai bien longtemps apres ceci。〃 Perhaps the
〃walk〃 to which Buddha referred had been for meditation。
＇5＇ See the account of this legend in the note in M。 B。； pp。 235； 236；
different； but not less absurd。 The first part of Fa…hien's narrative will have
sent the thoughts of some of my readers to the exposure of the infant
Moses； as related in Exodus。 ＇Certainly did。JB。＇
＇6＇ See chap。 xiii； note 14。
＇7＇ Thus Sakyamuni had been one of the thousand little boys who
floated in the box in the Ganges。 How long back the former age was we
cannot tell。 I suppose the tope of the two fathers who became Pratyeka
Buddhas had been built like the one commemorating the laying down of
weapons after Buddha had told his disciples of the strange events in the
past。
＇8＇ Bhadra…kalpa； 〃the Kalpa of worthies or sages。〃 〃This；〃 says Eitel；
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p。 22； 〃is a designation for a Kalpa of stability； so called because 1000
Buddhas appear in the course of it。 Our present period is a Bhadra…kalpa；
and four Buddhas have already appeared。 It is to last 236 million years；
but over 151 millions have already elapsed。〃
＇9＇ 〃The king of demons。〃 The name Mara is explained by 〃the
murderer；〃 〃the destroyer of virtue；〃 and similar appellations。 〃He is；〃 says
Eitel； 〃the personification of lust； the god of love； sin； and death； the arch…
enemy of goodness； residing in the heaven Paranirmita Vasavartin on the
top of the Kamadhatu。 He assumes different forms； especially monstrous
ones； to tempt or frighten the saints； or sends his daughters； or inspires
wicked men like Devadatta or the Nirgranthas to do his work。 He is often
represented with 100 arms； and riding on an elephant。〃 The oldest form of
the legend in this paragraph is in 〃Buddhist Suttas；〃 Sacred Books of the
East； vol。 xi； pp。 41…55； where Buddha says that； if Ananda had asked him
thrice； he would have postponed his death。
＇10＇ Or the Vinaya…pitaka。 The meeting referred to was an important
one； and is generally spoken of as the second Great Council of the
Buddhist Church。 See； on the formation of the Buddhist Canon； Hardy's E。
M。； chap。 xviii； and the last chapter of Davids' Manual； on the History of
the Order。 The first Council was that held at Rajagriha； shortly after
Buddha's death； under the presidency of Kasyapa；say about B。C。 410。
The second was that spoken of here；say about B。C。 300。 In Davids'
Manual （p。 216） we find the ten points of discipline； in which the heretics
（I can use that term here） claimed at least indulgence。 Two meetings were
held to consider and discuss them。 At the former the orthodox party barely
succeeded in carrying their condemnation of the laxer monks； and a
second and larger meeting； of which Fa…hien speaks； was held in
consequence； and a more emphatic condemnation passed。 At the same
time all the books and subjects of discipline seem to have undergone a
careful revision。
The Corean text is clearer than the Chinese as to those who composed
the Council；the Arhats and orthodox monks。 The leader among them was
a Yasas； or Yasada； or Yedsaputtra； who had been a disciple of Ananda；
and must therefore have been a very old man。
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CHAPTER XXVI
REMARKABLE DEATH OF ANANDA。
Four yojanas on from this place to the east brought th