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ians。
Arriving at the village of the Mandans； of which Black Cat was the chief； a council was called； and the chiefs of the expedition endeavored to persuade some of the leading men of the tribe to accompany them to Washington to see 〃the Great Father。〃 Black Cat expressed his strong desire to visit the United States and see the Great Father； but he was afraid of the Sioux； their ancient enemies； through whose territory they must pass on their way down to the white man's country。 This chief； it will be recollected； was given a flag and a medal by the two captains when they passed up the river on their way to the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific coast。 The flag was now brought on and hoisted on the lodge of Black Cat。 On that occasion； also； the commanders of the expedition had given the Indians a number of useful articles； among them being a portable corn…mill。 But the Indians had other uses for metal； and they had taken the mill apart and used the iron for the purpose of making barbs for their arrows。 From the Omahas； who were located here； the white men received a present of as much corn as three men could carry。 Black Cat also gave them a dozen bushels of corn。
Their days of starvation and famine were over。 They were next visited by Le Borgne； better known as One…eye； the head chief of all the Minnetarees； to whom Lewis and Clark also extended an invitation to go to Washington to see the Great Father。 The journal says：
〃Le Borgne began by declaring that he much desired to visit his Great Father； but that the Sioux would certainly kill any of the Mandans who should attempt to go down the river。 They were bad people； and would not listen to any advice。 When he saw us last； we had told him that we had made peace with all the nations below； yet the Sioux had since killed eight of his tribe； and stolen a number of their horses。 The Ricaras too had stolen their horses； and in the contest his people had killed two of the Ricaras。 Yet in spite of these dispositions he had always had his ears open to our counsels； and had actually made a peace with the Chayennes and the Indians of the Rocky Mountains。 He concluded by saying； that however disposed they were to visit the United States； the fear of the Sioux would prevent them from going with us。〃
The truth was that One…eye had no notion of going to Washington； he was afraid of nobody； and his plea of possible danger among the Sioux was mere nonsense to deceive the white men。 Captain Clark visited the village of Black Cat； and that worthy savage made the same excuse that Le Borgne （One…eye） had already put forth； he was afraid of the Sioux。 The journal adds：
〃Captain Clark then spoke to the chiefs and warriors of the village。 He told them of his anxiety that some of them should see their Great Father； hear his good words； and receive his gifts； and requested them to fix on some confidential chief who might accompany us。 To this they made the same objections as before； till at length a young man offered to go； and the warriors all assented to it。 But the character of this man was known to be bad； and one of the party with Captain Clark informed him that at the moment he ＇this Indian＇ had in his possession a knife which he had stolen。 Captain Clark therefore told the chief of this theft； and ordered the knife to be given up。 This was done with a poor apology for having it in his possession； and Captain Clark then reproached the chiefs for wishing to send such a fellow to see and hear so distinguished a person as their Great Father。 They all hung down their heads for some time； till Black Cat apologized by saying that the danger was such that they were afraid of sending any one of their chiefs； as they considered his loss almost inevitable。〃
Although there was so much reluctance on the part of the Indians to leave their roving life； even for a few months； there were some white men among the explorers who were willing to give up their home in 〃the States。〃 The journal says：
〃In the evening Colter applied to us for permission to join the two trappers who had accompanied us； and who now proposed an expedition up the river； in which they were to find traps and to give him a share of the profits。 The offer was a very advantageous one； and as he had always performed his duty； and his services could be dispensed with； we consented to his going upon condition that none of the rest were to ask or expect a similar indulgence。 To this they all cheerfully assented； saying that they wished Colter every success； and would not apply for liberty to separate before we reached St。 Louis。 We therefore supplied him； as did his comrades also； with powder and lead； and a variety of articles which might be useful to him； and he left us the next day。 The example of this man shows how easily men may be weaned from the habits of civilized life to the ruder； though scarcely less fascinating； manners of the woods。 This hunter had now been absent for many years from the frontiers； and might naturally be presumed to have some anxiety； or at least curiosity； to return to his friends and his country； yet； just at the moment when he was approaching the frontiers； he was tempted by a hunting scheme to give up all those delightful prospects； and to go back without the least reluctance to the solitude of the wilds。〃
The two captains learned here that the Minnetarees had sent out a war…party against the Shoshonees； very soon after the white men's expedition had left for the Rocky Mountains； notwithstanding their promise to keep peace with the surrounding tribes。 They had also sent a war…party against the Ricaras； two of whom they killed。 Accordingly； the white chiefs had a powwow with the Indian chiefs； at which the journal says these incidents occurred：
〃We took this opportunity of endeavoring to engage Le Borgne in our interests by a present of the swivel； which is no longer serviceable； as it cannot be discharged from our largest pirogue。 It was loaded； and the chiefs being formed into a circle round it； Captain Clark addressed them with great ceremony。 He said that he had listened with much attention to what had yesterday been declared by Le Borgne； whom he believed to be sincere； and then reproached them with their disregard of our counsels； and their wars on the Shoshonees and Ricaras。 Little Cherry； the old Minnetaree chief； answered that they had long stayed at home and listened to our advice； but at last went to war against the Sioux because their horses had been stolen and their companions killed； and that in an expedition against those people they met the Ricaras； who were on their way to strike them； and a battle ensued。 But in future he said they would attend to our words and live at peace。 Le Borgne added that his ears would always be open to the words of his Good Father； and shut against bad counsel。 Captain Clark then presented to Le Borgne the swivel； which he told him had announced the words of his Great Father to all the nations we had seen； and which； whenever it was fired； should recall those which we had delivered to him。 The gun was discharged； and Le Borgne had it conveyed in great pomp to his village。 The council then adjourned。〃
After much diplomacy and underhand scheming； one of the Mandan chiefs； Big White； agreed to go to Washington with the expedition。 But none of the Minnetarees could be prevailed upon to leave their tribe； even for a journey to the Great Father； of whose power and might so much had been told them。 The journal； narrating this fact； says further：
〃The principal chiefs of the Minnetarees now came down to bid us farewell； as none of them could be prevailed on to go with us。 This circumstance induced our interpreter； Chaboneau； to remain here with his wife and child； as he could no longer be of use to us； and； although we offered to take him with us to the United States； he declined； saying that there he had no acquaintance； and no chance of making a livelihood； and preferred remaining among the Indians。 This man had been very serviceable to us； and his wife was particularly useful among the Shoshonees： indeed； she had borne with a patience truly admirable the fatigues of so long a route； encumbered with the charge of an infant； who was the