按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
red when he first signalized himself。 As each new action gives a warrior a right to change his name； many of them have several in the course of their lives。 To give to a friend one's own name is an act of high courtesy； and a pledge； like that of pulling off the moccasin； of sincerity and hospitality。 The chief in this way gave his name to Captain Clark when he first arrived； and he was afterward known among the Shoshonees by the name of Cameahwait。〃
On the thirtieth of August； the whole expedition being now reunited； and a sufficient number of horses having been purchased of the Shoshonees； the final start across the mountains was begun。 The journal says：
〃The greater part of the band； who had delayed their journey on our account； were also ready to depart。 We took leave of the Shoshonees； who set out on their visit to the Missouri at the same time that we； accompanied by the old guide； his four sons； and another Indian； began the descent of the Lemhi River； along the same road which Captain Clark had previously pursued。 After riding twelve miles we camped on the south bank of this river； and as the hunters had brought in three deer early in the morning； we did not feel the want of provisions。〃
Three days later； all the Indians； except the old guide； left them。 They now passed up Fish Creek； and finding no track leading over the mountains they cut their way。 Their journal says：
〃This we effected with much difficulty； the thickets of trees and brush through which we were obliged to cut our way required great labor； the road itself was over the steep and rocky sides of the hills； where the horses could not move without danger of slipping down； while their feet were bruised by the rocks and stumps of trees。 Accustomed as these animals were to this kind of life； they suffered severely； several of them fell to some distance down the sides of the hills； some turned over with the baggage； one was crippled； and two gave out； exhausted with fatigue。 After crossing the creek several times we at last made five miles； with great fatigue and labor； and camped on the left side of the creek in a small stony low ground。 It was not； however； till after dark that the whole party was collected； and then； as it rained and we had killed nothing； we passed an uncomfortable night。 The party had been too busily occupied with the horses to make any hunting excursion； and though； as we came along Fish Creek； we saw many beaver…dams； we saw none of the animals themselves。〃
The Indian guide appears here to have lost his way； but； not dismayed； he pushed on through a trackless wilderness； sometimes travelling on the snow that now covered the mountains。 On the fourth of September； the party came upon a large encampment of Indians； who received them with much ceremony。 The journal says：
〃September 5； we assembled the chiefs and warriors； and informed them who we were； and the purpose for which we had visited their country。 All this was； however； conveyed to them through so many different languages； that it was not comprehended without difficulty。 We therefore proceeded to the more intelligible language of presents； and made four chiefs by giving a medal and a small quantity of tobacco to each。 We received in turn from the principal chief a present consisting of the skins of a blaireau （badger）； an otter； and two antelopes； and were treated by the women to some dried roots and berries。 We then began to traffic for horses； and succeeded in exchanging seven and purchasing eleven； for which we gave a few articles of merchandise。
〃This encampment consists of thirty…three tents； in which were about four hundred souls； among whom eighty were men。 They are called Ootlashoots； and represent themselves as one band of a nation called Tushepaws； a numerous people of four hundred and fifty tents； residing on the head…waters of the Missouri and Columbia rivers； and some of them lower down the latter river。 In person these Indians are stout； and their complexion lighter than that common among Indians。 The hair of the men is worn in queues of otter skin； falling in front over the shoulders。 A shirt of dressed skin covers the body to the knee； and over this is worn occasionally a robe。 To these are added leggings and moccasins。 The women suffer their hair to fall in disorder over the face and shoulders； and their chief article of covering is a long shirt of skin； reaching down to the ankles； and tied round the waist。 In other respects； as also in the few ornaments which they possess； their appearance is similar to that of the Shoshonees： there is； however； a difference between the languages of these two people； which is still farther increased by the very extraordinary pronunciation of the Ootlashoots。 Their words have all a remarkably guttural sound； and there is nothing which seems to represent the tone of their speaking more exactly than the clucking of a fowl or the noise of a parrot。 This peculiarity renders their voices scarcely audible； except at a short distance； and； when many of them are talking； forms a strange confusion of sounds。 The common conversation that we overheard consisted of low； guttural sounds； occasionally broken by a low word or two； after which it would relapse； and could scarcely be distinguished。 They seemed kind and friendly； and willingly shared with us berries and roots； which formed their sole stock of provisions。 Their only wealth is their horses； which are very fine； and so numerous that this party had with them at least five hundred。〃
These Indians were on their way to join the other bands who were hunting buffalo on the Jefferson River； across the Great Divide。 They set out the next morning； and the explorers resumed their toilsome journey； travelling generally in a northwesterly direction and looking for a pass across the Bitter Root Mountains。 Very soon； all indications of game disappeared； and； September 14； they were forced to kill a colt； their stock of animal food being exhausted。 They pressed on； however； through a savage wilderness； having frequent need to recur to horse…flesh。 Here is an entry under date of September 18； in the journal： 〃We melted some snow； and supped on a little portable soup； a few canisters of which； with about twenty pounds' weight of bear's oil； are our only remaining means of subsistence。 Our guns are scarcely of any service； for there is no living creature in these mountains； except a few small pheasants； a small species of gray squirrel； and a blue bird of the vulture kind； about the size of a turtle…dove； or jay。 Even these are difficult to shoot。〃
〃A bold running creek；〃 up which Captain Clark passed on September 19； was appropriately named by him 〃Hungry Creek；〃 as at that place they had nothing to eat。 But； at about six miles' distance from the head of the stream； 〃he fortunately found a horse； on which he breakfasted； and hung the rest on a tree for the party in the rear。〃 This was one of the wild horses； strayed from Indian bands； which they found in the wilderness； too wild to be caught and used； but not too wild to shoot and eat。 Later； on the same day； this entry is made in the journal：
〃The road along the creek is a narrow rocky path near the borders of very high precipices； from which a fall seems almost inevitable destruction。 One of our horses slipped and rolled over with his load down the hillside； which was nearly perpendicular and strewed with large irregular rocks； nearly one hundred yards； and did not stop till he fell into the creek。 We all expected he was killed； but to our astonishment； on taking off his load he rose； seemed but little injured； and in twenty minutes proceeded with his load。 Having no other provision； we took some portable soup； our only refreshment during the day。 This abstinence； joined with fatigue； has a visible effect on our health。 The men are growing weak and losing their flesh very fast； several are afflicted with dysentery； and eruptions of the skin are very common。〃
Next day； the party descended the last of the Bitter Root range and reached level country。 They were at last over the Great Divide。 Three Indian boys were discovered hiding in the grass； in great alarm。 Captain Clark at once dismounted from his horse；