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not remember that he ever used that word； I suppose many people
nowadays would identify with Socialism；as the Fabians expound it。
He was not very definite about this Science； you must understand；
but he seemed always to be waving his hand towards it；just as his
contemporary Tennyson seems always to be doinghe belonged to his
age and mostly his talk was destructive of the limited beliefs of
his time； he led me to infer rather than actually told me that this
Science was coming； a spirit of light and order； to the rescue of a
world groaning and travailing in muddle for the want of it。 。 。 。
5
When I think of Bromstead nowadays I find it inseparably bound up
with the disorders of my father's gardening； and the odd patchings
and paintings that disfigured his houses。 It was all of a piece
with that。
Let me try and give something of the quality of Bromstead and
something of its history。 It is the quality and history of a
thousand places round and about London； and round and about the
other great centres of population in the world。 Indeed it is in a
measure the quality of the whole of this modern world from which we
who have the statesman's passion struggle to evolve； and dream still
of evolving order。
First； then； you must think of Bromstead a hundred and fifty years
ago； as a narrow irregular little street of thatched houses strung
out on the London and Dover Road； a little mellow sample unit of a
social order that had a kind of completeness； at its level； of its
own。 At that time its population numbered a little under two
thousand people； mostly engaged in agricultural work or in trades
serving agriculture。 There was a blacksmith； a saddler； a chemist；
a doctor； a barber； a linen…draper （who brewed his own beer）； a
veterinary surgeon； a hardware shop； and two capacious inns。 Round
and about it were a number of pleasant gentlemen's seats； whose
owners went frequently to London town in their coaches along the
very tolerable high…road。 The church was big enough to hold the
whole population； were people minded to go to church； and indeed a
large proportion did go； and all who married were married in it； and
everybody； to begin with； was christened at its font and buried at
last in its yew…shaded graveyard。 Everybody knew everybody in the
place。 It was； in fact； a definite place and a real human community
in those days。 There was a pleasant old market…house in the middle
of the town with a weekly market； and an annual fair at which much
cheerful merry making and homely intoxication occurred； there was a
pack of hounds which hunted within five miles of London Bridge； and
the local gentry would occasionally enliven the place with valiant
cricket matches for a hundred guineas a side； to the vast excitement
of the entire population。 It was very much the same sort of place
that it had been for three or four centuries。 A Bromstead Rip van
Winkle from 1550 returning in 1750 would have found most of the old
houses still as he had known them； the same trades a little improved
and differentiated one from the other； the same roads rather more
carefully tended； the Inns not very much altered； the ancient
familiar market…house。 The occasional wheeled traffic would have
struck him as the most remarkable difference； next perhaps to the
swaggering painted stone monuments instead of brasses and the
protestant severity of the communion…table in the parish church；
both from the material point of view very little things。 A Rip van
Winkle from 1350； again； would have noticed scarcely greater
changes； fewer clergy； more people； and particularly more people of
the middling sort； the glass in the windows of many of the houses；
the stylish chimneys springing up everywhere would have impressed
him； and suchlike details。 The place would have had the same
boundaries； the same broad essential features； would have been still
itself in the way that a man is still himself after he has 〃filled
out〃 a little and grown a longer beard and changed his clothes。
But after 1750 something got hold of the world； something that was
destined to alter the scale of every human affair。
That something was machinery and a vague energetic disposition to
improve material things。 In another part of England ingenious
people were beginning to use coal in smelting iron； and were
producing metal in abundance and metal castings in sizes that had
hitherto been unattainable。 Without warning or preparation；
increment involving countless possibilities of further increment was
coming to the strength of horses and men。 〃Power；〃 all
unsuspected； was flowing like a drug into the veins of the social
body。
Nobody seems to have perceived this coming of power； and nobody had
calculated its probable consequences。 Suddenly； almost
inadvertently； people found themselves doing things that would have
amazed their ancestors。 They began to construct wheeled vehicles
much more easily and cheaply than they had ever done before； to make
up roads and move things about that had formerly been esteemed too
heavy for locomotion； to join woodwork with iron nails instead of
wooden pegs； to achieve all sorts of mechanical possibilities； to
trade more freely and manufacture on a larger scale； to send goods
abroad in a wholesale and systematic way； to bring back commodities
from overseas； not simply spices and fine commodities； but goods in
bulk。 The new influence spread to agriculture； iron appliances
replaced wooden； breeding of stock became systematic； paper…making
and printing increased and cheapened。 Roofs of slate and tile
appeared amidst and presently prevailed over the original Bromstead
thatch； the huge space of Common to the south was extensively
enclosed； and what had been an ill…defined horse…track to Dover；
only passable by adventurous coaches in dry weather； became the
Dover Road； and was presently the route first of one and then of
several daily coaches。 The High Street was discovered to be too
tortuous for these awakening energies； and a new road cut off its
worst contortions。 Residential villas appeared occupied by retired
tradesmen and widows； who esteemed the place healthy； and by others
of a strange new unoccupied class of people who had money invested
in joint…stock enterprises。 First one and then several boys'
boarding…schools came； drawing their pupils from London；my
grandfather's was one of these。 London； twelve miles to the north…
west； was making itself felt more and more。
But this was only the beginning of the growth period； the first
trickle of the coming flood of mechanical power。 Away in the north
they were casting iron in bigger and bigger forms； working their way
to the production of steel on a large scale； applying power in
factories。 Bromstead had almost doubted in size again long before
the railway came； there was hardly any thatch left in the High
Street； but instead were houses with handsome brass…knockered front
doors and several windows； and shops with shop…fronts all of square
glass panes； and the place was lighted publicly now by oil lamps
previously only one flickering lamp outside each of the coaching
inns had broken the nocturnal darkness。 And there was talk； it long
remained talk；of gas。 The gasworks came in 1834； and about that
date my father's three houses must have been built convenient for
the London Road。 They mark nearly the beginning of the real
suburban quality； they were let at first to City people still
engaged in business。
And then hard on the gasworks had come the railway and cheap coal；
there was a wild outbreak of brickfields upon the claylands to the
east； and the Great Growth had begun in earnest。 The agricultural
placidities that had formerly come to the very borders of the High
Street were broken up north； west and south； by n