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Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte； V6
by Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne
His Private Secretary
Edited by R。 W。 Phipps
Colonel； Late Royal Artillery
1891
CONTENTS：
CHAPTER IX。 to CHAPTER XVIII。 1802…1803
CHAPTER IX。
1802。
Proverbial falsehood of bulletinsM。 DoubletCreation of the
Legion of HonourOpposition to it in the Council and other
authorities of the StateThe partisans of an hereditary system
The question of the Consulship for life。
The historian of these times ought to put no faith in the bulletins；
despatches； notes； and proclamations which have emanated from Bonaparte；
or passed through his hands。 For my part； I believe that the proverb；
〃As great a liar as a bulletin；〃 has as much truth in it as the axiom；
two and two make four。
The bulletins always announced what Bonaparte wished to be believed true；
but to form a proper judgment on any fact； counter…bulletins must be
sought for and consulted。 It is well known； too； that Bonaparte attached
great importance to the place whence he dated his bulletins； thus； he
dated his decrees respecting the theatres and Hamburg beef at Moscow。
The official documents were almost always incorrect。 There was falsity
in the exaggerated descriptions of his victories； and falsity again in
the suppression or palliation of his reverses and losses。 A writer； if
he took his materials from the bulletins and the official correspondence
of the time； would compose a romance rather than a true history。 Of this
many proofs have been given in the present work。
Another thing which always appeared to me very remarkable was； that
Bonaparte； notwithstanding his incontestable superiority； studied to
depreciate the reputations of his military commanders； and to throw on
their shoulders faults which he had committed himself。 It is notorious
that complaints and remonstrances； as energetic as they were well
founded； were frequently addressed to General Bonaparte on the subject of
his unjust and partial bulletins； which often attributed the success of a
day to some one who had very little to do with it； and made no mention of
the officer who actually had the command。 The complaints made by the
officers and soldiers stationed at Damietta compelled General Lanusse；
the commander； to remonstrate against the alteration of a bulletin； by
which an engagement with a body of Arabs was represented as an
insignificant affair； and the loss trifling； though the General had
stated the action to be one of importance； and the loss considerable。
The misstatement； in consequence of his spirited and energetic
remonstrances； was corrected。
Bonaparte took Malta； as is well known； in forty…eight hours。 The empire
of the Mediterranean； secured to the English by the battle of Aboukir；
and their numerous cruising vessels； gave them the means of starving the
garrison； and of thus forcing General Vaubois； the commandant of Malta；
who was cut off from all communication with France； to capitulate。
Accordingly on the 4th of September 1800 he yielded up the Gibraltar of
the Mediterranean； after a noble defence of two years。 These facts
require to be stated in order the better to understand what follows。
On 22d February 1802 a person of the name of Doublet； who was the
commissary of the French Government at Malta when we possessed that
island； called upon me at the Tuileries。 He complained bitterly that the
letter which he had written from Malta to the First Consul on the 2d
Ventose； year VIII。 （9th February 1800）； had been altered in the
'Moniteur'。 〃I congratulated him；〃 said M。 Doublet； 〃on the 18th
Brumaire； and informed him of the state of Malta； which was very
alarming。 Quite the contrary was printed in the 'Moniteur'； and that is
what I complain of。 It placed me in a very disagreeable situation at
Malta； where I was accused of having concealed the real situation of the
island； in which I was discharging a public function that gave weight to
my words。〃 I observed to him that as I was not the editor of the
'Moniteur' it was of no use to apply to me； but I told him to give me a
copy of the letter； and I would mention the subject to the First Consul；
and communicate the answer to him。 Doublet searched his pocket for the
letter； but could not find it。 He said he would send a copy； and begged
me to discover how the error originated。 On the same day he sent me the
copy of the letter； in which； after congratulating Bonaparte on his
return； the following passage occurs：〃Hasten to save Malta with men and
provisions： no time is to be lost。〃 For this passage these words were
substituted in the 'Moniteur'： 〃His name inspires the brave defenders of
Malta with fresh courage； we have men and provisions。〃
Ignorant of the motives of so strange a perversion； I showed this letter
to the First Consul。 He shrugged up his shoulders and said； laughing；
〃Take no notice of him； he is a fool； give yourself no further trouble
about it。〃
It was clear there was nothing more to be done。 It was； however； in
despite of me that M。 Doublet was played this ill turn。 I represented to
the First Consul the inconveniences which M。 Doublet might experience
from this affair。 But I very rarely saw letters or reports published as
they were received。 I can easily understand how particular motives might
be alleged in order to justify such falsifications； for； when the path of
candour and good faith is departed from； any pretest is put forward to
excuse bad conduct。 What sort of a history would he write who should
consult only the pages of the 'Moniteur'？
After the vote for adding a second ten years to the duration of
Bonaparte's Consulship he created； on the 19th of May； the order of the
Legion of Honour。 This institution was soon followed by that of the new
nobility。 Thus； in a short space of time； the Concordat to tranquillize
consciences and re…establish harmony in the Church； the decree to recall
the emigrants； the continuance of the Consular power for ten years； by
way of preparation for the Consulship for life； and the possession of the
Empire； and the creation； in a country which had abolished all
distinctions； of an order which was to engender prodigies； followed
closely on the heels of each other。 The Bourbons； in reviving the
abolished orders； were wise enough to preserve along with them the Legion
of Honour。
It has already been seen how； in certain circumstances； the First Consul
always escaped from the consequences of his own precipitation； and got
rid of his blunders by throwing the blame on othersas； for example； in
the affair of the parallel between Caesar； Cromwell； and Bonaparte。 He
was indeed so precipitate that one might say； had he been a gardener； he
would have wished to see the fruits ripen before the blossoms had fallen
off。 This inconsiderate haste nearly proved fatal to the creation of the
Legion of Honour； a project which ripened in his mind as soon as he
beheld the orders glittering at the button…holes of the Foreign
Ministers。 He would frequently exclaim； 〃This is well！ These are the
things for the people！〃
I was； I must confess； a decided partisan of the foundation in France of
a new chivalric order； because I think； in every well…conducted State；
the chief of the Government ought to do all in his power to stimulate the
honour of the citizens； and to render them more sensible to honorary
distinctions than to pecuniary advantages。 I tried； however； at the same
time to warn the First Consul of his precipitancy。 He heard me not； but
I must with equal frankness confess that on this occasion I was soon
freed from all apprehension with respect to the consequences of the
difficulties he had to encounter in the Council and in the other
constituted orders of the State。
On the 4th of May 1801 lie brought forward； for the first time
officially； in the Council of State the question of the establishment of
the Legion of Honour； which on the 19th May 1802 was proclaimed a law of
the State。 The opposition to this measure was very great； and all the
power of the First Consul； the force of his arguments； and the immense
influen