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The inhabitants seemed rather uglier than those at Dorey village。 They are； no doubt； the true indigenes of this part of New Guinea； living in the interior； and subsisting by cultivation and hunting。 The Dorey men； on the other hand； are shore…dwellers； fishers and traders in a small way； and have thus the character of a colony who have migrated from another district。 These hillmen or 〃Arfaks 〃differed much in physical features。 They were generally black； but some were brown like Malays。 Their hair； though always more or less frizzly； was sometimes short and matted； instead of being long； loose； and woolly； and this seemed to be a constitutional difference； not the effect of care and cultivation。 Nearly half of them were afflicted with the scurfy skin…disease。 The old chief seemed much pleased with his present； and promised （through an interpreter I brought with me） to protect my men when they came there shooting； and also to procure me some birds and animals。 While conversing； they smoked tobacco of their own growing； in pipes cut from a single piece of wood with a long upright handle。
We had arrived at Dorey about the end of the wet season； when the whole country was soaked with moisture The native paths were so neglected as to be often mere tunnels closed over with vegetation； and in such places there was always a fearful accumulation of mud。 To the naked Papuan this is no obstruction。 He wades through it； and the next watercourse makes him clean again； but to myself； wearing boots and trousers； it was a most disagreeable thing to have to go up to my knees in a mud…hole every morning。 The man I brought with me to cut wood fell ill soon after we arrived； or I would have set him to clear fresh paths in the worst places。 For the first ten days it generally rained every afternoon and all night r but by going out every hour of fine weather； I managed to get on tolerably with my collections of birds and insects； finding most of those collected by Lesson during his visit in the Coquille； as well as many new ones。 It appears； however； that Dorey is not the place for Birds of Paradise； none of the natives being accustomed to preserve them。 Those sold here are all brought from Amberbaki； about a hundred miles west； where the Doreyans go to trade。
The islands in the bay； with the low lands near the coast； seem to have been formed by recently raised coral reef's； and are much strewn with masses of coral but little altered。 The ridge behind my house； which runs out to the point； is also entirely coral rock； although there are signs of a stratified foundation in the ravines； and the rock itself is more compact and crystalline。 It is therefore； probably older； a more recent elevation having exposed the low grounds and islands。 On the other side of the bay rise the great mass of the Arfak mountains； said by the French navigators to be about ten thousand feet high； and inhabited by savage tribes。 These are held in great dread by the Dorey people； who have often been attacked and plundered by them； and have some of their skulls hanging outside their houses。 If I was seem going into the forest anywhere in the direction of the mountains； the little boys of the village would shout after me； 〃Arfaki！ Arfaki？〃 just as they did after Lesson nearly forty years before。
On the 15th of May the Dutch war…steamer Etna arrived； but； as the coals had gone； it was obliged to stay till they came back。 The captain knew when the coalship was to arrive； and how long it was chartered to stay at Dorey； and could have been back in time； but supposed it would wait for him； and so did not hurry himself。 The steamer lay at anchor just opposite my house； and I had the advantage of hearing the half…hourly bells struck； which was very pleasant after the monotonous silence of the forest。 The captain； doctor； engineer； and some other of the officers paid me visits； the servants came to the brook to wash clothes； and the son of the Prince of Tidore； with one or two companions； to bathe； otherwise I saw little of them； and was not disturbed by visitors so much as I had expected to be。 About this time the weather set in pretty fine； but neither birds nor insects became much more abundant； and new birds …were very scarce。 None of the Birds of Paradise except the common one were ever met with； and we were still searching in vain for several of the fine birds which Lesson had obtained here。 Insects were tolerably abundant； but were not on the average so fine as those of Amboyna； and I reluctantly came to the conclusion that Dorey was not a good collecting locality。 Butterflies were very scarce； arid were mostly the same as those which I had obtained at Aru。
Among the insects of other orders； the most curious and novel were a group of horned flies； of which I obtained four distinct species； settling on fallen trees and decaying trunks。 These remarkable insects； which have been described by Mr。 W。 W。 Saunders as a new genus； under the name of Elaphomia or deer… flies； are about half an inch long； slender…bodied； and with very long legs； which they draw together so as to elevate their bodies high above the surface they are standing upon。 The front pair of legs are much shorter； and these are often stretched directly forwards； so as to resemble antenna。 The horns spring from beneath the eye； and seem to be a prolongation of the lower part of the orbit。 In the largest and most singular species； named Elaphomia cervicornis or the stag…horned deer…fly； these horns are nearly as long as the body； having two branches； with two small snags near their bifurcation； so as to resemble the horns of a stag。 They are black； with the tips pale； while the body and legs are yellowish brown； and the eyes （when alive） violet and green。 The next species （Elaphomia wallacei） is of a dark brown colour； banded and spotted with yellow。 The horns are about one… third the length of the insect； broad； flat； and of an elongated triangular foam。 They are of a beautiful pink colour； edged with black； and with a pale central stripe。 The front part of the head is also pink； and the eyes violet pink； with a green stripe across them； giving the insect a very elegant and singular appearance。 The third species （Elaphomia alcicornis； the elk… horned deer…fly） is a little smaller than the two already described； but resembling in colour Elaphomia wallacei。 The horns are very remarkable； being suddenly dilated into a flat plate； strongly toothed round the outer margin； and strikingly resembling the horns of the elk； after which it has been named。 They are of a yellowish colour； margined with brown； and tipped with black on the three upper teeth。 The fourth species （Elaphomia brevicornis； the short…horned deer…fly） differs considerably from the rest。 It is stouter in form； of a nearly black colour； with a yellow ring at the base of the abdomen； the wings have dusky stripes； and the head is compressed and dilated laterally； with very small flat horns； which are black with a pale centre； and look exactly like the rudiment of the horns of the two preceding species。 None of the females have any trace of the horns； ane Mr。 Saunders places in the same genus a species which has no horns in either sex （Elaphomia polita）。 It is of a shining black colour； and resembles Elaphomia cervicornis in form； size； and general appearance。 The figures above given represent these insects of their natural size and in characteristic attitudes。
The natives seldom brought me anything。 They are poor creatures； and； rarely shoot a bird； pig； or kangaroo； or even the sluggish opossum…like Cuscus。 The tree…kangaroos are found here； but must be very scarce； as my hunters； although out daily in the forest； never once saw them。 Cockatoos； lories； and parroquets were really the only common birds。 Even pigeons were scarce； and in little variety； although we occasionally got the fine crown pigeon； which was always welcome as an addition to our scantily furnished larder。
Just before the steamer arrived I had wounded my ankle by clambering among the trunks and branches of fallen trees （which formed my best hunting grounds for insects）； and； as usual with foot wounds in this climate； it turned into an obstinate ulcer； keeping me in the house for s