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the city of domes-第32章

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Reptilian and fishy forms above panels of central mass of fountain。

Corridors; walls red; blue vault above; arches of smoked ivory; lines of blue on wall。 Illumination by half…globes in cups on inner side of columns。

Murals; by Frank Brangwyn; of London; representing Elements。 Best placed of all murals。 At corners of court in corridors。

Northeast corner; 〃Fire。〃 〃Primitive Fire;〃 figures around fire nursing it; or feeding it。 〃Industrial Fire;〃 use of fire in service of man。

Southeast corner; 〃Water〃: Fishermen dragging in net; carriers with baskets on backs; 〃The Net。〃 Women and men filling jars at a spring; flamingoes in water; luxuriant growth; clouds; 〃The Fountain。〃

Southwest corner; 〃Air〃: Men shooting arrows through trees; birds in flight; 〃The Hunters。〃 Huge mill; children flying kites; clouds; grain blown by wind; 〃The Windmill。〃

Northwest corner; 〃Earth〃: Men high in trees and on ground; 〃The Fruit Pickers。〃 Figures crushing juice out with feet; group in front with wine; 〃The Dancing of the Grapes。〃

Planting in Court: Tall Italian cypress before arches; orange trees; balled acacia; denseness of growth along colonnades; heavy and rank; suggesting tropical flora。

Large cauldrons; at side of steps leading down to sunken gardens; designed by Mullgardt。



North Entrance to Court of Ages



〃Daughter of Neptune〃 or 〃Aquatic Life;〃 large female figure in north Court of Ages; by Sherry E。 Fry。

Planting: eucalyptus; acacia; laurel。



Features that Ought to be in Noted by Night



Illumination



Three kinds of light used; white arc lamps; extensively behind banners and shields to flood facades of outer walls and Court of Four Seasons; warmer light of Mazda lamps in clear and colored globes; and searchlights concealed on tops of buildings trained on towers and on high groups of sculpture。

Lighting scheme and scope completed long before buildings were up; made possible by advance in illuminating engineering; developed under name of science of lighting and art of illumination。

Chief of Department of Illumination; Walter D'Arcy Ryan; of the General Electric Company; Schenectady; New York; field assistant; A。 F。 Dickerson。

Ornamental details of lighting standards and fixtures; designed by J。 W。 Gosling; designs made at Illuminating Engineering Laboratories; Schenectady。

Keynote of lighting scheme … life and gaiety; without garishness。

Lighting kept subordinate to architecture; walks shaded to throw emphasis on brilliantly lighted facades and to bring out architecture; landscape and flowers。 Same lighting principle used throughout; but effect in different courts radically different。

Area of surface illuminated; 8;000;000 square feet; 2;000;000 of wall surface; and 6;000;000 of ground surface。

Number of searchlights used: 373 arc searchlights; in diameter from 13 to 36 inches; 450 small searchlights; called the 〃Mosquito Fleet〃; 250 incandescent projectors for flag lighting。



Fillmore Street Entrance



South facade of entrance; outline illumination; with bare electric lights following outlines of architecture; used elsewhere only in Zone。

Inside Fillmore Street entrance; Zone to right; brilliant lighting; outline illumination; more or less refined; exaggerated effects prohibited。

Zone; element of festivity in arches crossing street at short intervals; ribbons of turkey red suspended from each lamp give warmth and action。

Contrast of Zone lights with illumination in other parts of Exposition。

To left; Service Building; administration offices; coloring; Pinks and blue; ceiling of porch; intense blue; deepest used on grounds。

Corner of Avenue of Palms and Avenue of Progress: lights banners; towers; facades of buildings; walks; flood lights; spots of light and color。

Fairy…like effect of Avenue of Palms: towers look luminous; in early evening Italian Towers red hot; throbbing; glow stronger than Tower of Jewels; later; Tower of Jewels most brilliant spot on avenue。

Tower illumination; floods of light from searchlights; white light creates shadows; in turn illuminated by concealed colored light on various stages; on Tower of Jewels and Italian Towers。

Single light standards along Avenue of Palms; light yellow; dull points of light; contrast with white pearly light on tops of booths。



Avenue of Progress



Along Avenue of Progress: fine flag display; no direct sources of light; banners; beautiful scenes made by planting against walls and quality of green on lawn; daylight effect from luminous arcs which produce whitest artificial light in use。

Gas lights on tops of booths; emergency lights if electricity fails。

Banners and heraldic shields; designed by Ryan; banners; of early explorers and pioneers; heraldic shields related to history of California; Mexico; Central America; and Pacific Ocean。

Purpose of banners: to form beautiful lines of color; to screen eyes from direct light source; to reflect light toward buildings; and to suggest history of court。

Banners suspended; swung by wind; form moving spots of color。

Roman gateway; Palace of Varied Industries: faint light through small arches above doorway; delicate green lattice or grill work in door。

Light in doorways: appearance of life within; produced by reflectors inside palaces throwing light through glass of doors; new idea; contrast with dark windows of other expositions。

Arches of Machinery Palace: warm red glow in domes above; strong yellow through doors below。



Inner Court of Mines Leading From Palace of Machinery to Court of Ages



Illumination strongest on upper sections of wall; it becomes more subdued as it approaches flowers and lawns; and reaches lowest point on center of avenue; plan used on all avenues。

Green lattice work; filling entire main doorway; in harmony with lawns。

Single globe lamps placed against walls; only court with lights in this position。

Shell lamps; flooding walls with light; advanced method of wall illumination。

View of central fountain in Court of Ages: glow of red lights; faint shimmer in pools; steam rising to suggest the earth cooling after being thrown off by the sun。



Court of the Ages



Court of the Ages: mystery in blending of illumination from searchlights above; lack of direct illumination on court itself; steam cauldrons; with illumination; incandescent lights; gas torches in small serpent cauldrons; lanterns in arches of the arcade that burn around cloister。

Fountain of Earth in center of pool; carrying mind down the ages to correspond with architect's conception of court。

Steam rising from base of fountain; figures silhouetted in warm red glow; lighter tone of red at upper portion of ball; shimmering reflection of panels; with red background in pool at sides of fountain。

Serpent cauldrons; around edge of pool; to heighten weird effect; by the flickering of the gas lamps。

Large cauldrons at east and west entrances; effect of simmering molten liquid。

Steam used in court; obtained from twenty horse…power boiler under tower。

Main tower; only tower without direct light thrown on exterior; religious feeling; increased by candlesticks; two on each side; steam to suggest smoke drifting upward。

Reflection of tower in pool; to be seen from south。

Cathedral appearance of windows at sides of court; by illumination in warm orange tone from within。

Sunburst standards modelled in imitation of snow crystal; and resembling monstrance used in Catholic church; two at south of court; only large light sources in court; contrast with other illumination。

Two fairy lanterns in each arch around court。

Brangwyn murals lighted without glare by indirect diffusion from four corners。

Play of lights along colonnade; lighting on murals adds to apparent distance。



North Entrance to Court of the Ages



Similar treatment of lights; brighter than in central court; four star clusters; sixteen serpent cauldrons; effect heightened。

Tower; more beautiful from Marina side; note of refinement illumination in altar; shadow in two colors; created by red light illuminated by pale amber lights。

Star clusters convey to mind religious feeling in keeping with design; cathedral
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