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Exercise 4
Amtrak（美国铁路客运公司）was experiencing a down…slowing in ridership（客运量）along the lines comprising its rail system。 Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham； were the long…distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly。
At one time； trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west。 Trains were fast； very luxurious； and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time。 However； times change and the automobile became America’s standard of convenience。 Also； air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of travelling great distances。 Therefore； the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west。
Two portions of the total market were targeted： 1） anxious fliers—those concerned with safety； relaxation； and cleanliness and 2） travel…lovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed； casual； and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation。 The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom； escape； relaxation； and enjoyment of the great western outdoors。 It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures。
Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains （Empire Builder； etc。）。 These ads were strategically placed among family…oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences。 Results were impressive。 The Empire Builder； which was focused on in one ad； enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route。
Q： It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that 。
A） trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation
B） trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportation
C） trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to be
D） trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience
【题目译文】从文章中可以推断：美国铁路客运公司客流量下降的原因是 。
【答案解析】B。文章前半部分提到，随着时间的推移，汽车成了美国衡量便利的标准，此外飞机也轻而易举地确立了其长途旅行最快捷方式的地位。由此可推断出火车既不如汽车便利，又不如飞机快捷，因而其客流量不断下降。
Exercise 5
While still in its early stages； welfare reform has already been judged a great sucomess in many states—at least in getting people off welfare。 It’s estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994。
In the past four years； welfare rolls in Athens County have been cut in half。 But 70 percent of the people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than 6 an hour。 The result： The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent—twice the national average。
For advocates（代言人）for the poor； that’s an indication much more needs to be done。
“More people are getting jobs； but it’s not making their lives any better；” says Kathy Lairn； a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington。
A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996； a greater percentage of single； female…headed households were earning money on their own； but that average income for these households actually went down。
But for many； the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory。
“Welfare was a poison。 It was a toxin（毒素）that was poisoning the family；” says Robert Rector； a welfare…reform policy analyst。 “The reform is changing the moral climate in low…income communities。 It’s beginning to rebuild the work ethic（道德观）； which is much more important。”
Mr。 Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked；” then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards。
Q： From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at 。
A） saving welfare funds
B） rebuilding the work ethic
C） providing more jobs
D） cutting government expenses
【题目译文】根据本文我们知道福利改革的目的在于 。
【答案解析】B。倒数第二段Robert Rector说：“福利改革正在改变低收入社区的道德氛围，正开始重建工作道德观，而工作道德观是更为重要的。”从此可以推断这正是福利改革的目的。
unit 1 总论Day 4 题型及应对策略三（态度题）
题型及应对策略三（态度题）
要做这类题目，需要我们了解全文的主题，而且还要找到一些信息词判断作者的态度或语气是什么。
态度题的提问方式有：
What is the author’s attitude in writing this passage？
What is the author’s tone？
解题技巧为：
1）掌握文章中心；
2）找到“信息词”。
可能的选项如下：
arbitrary武断的 advisory建议的 complimentary赞扬的
concerned关心的，关注的 critical批评的 emotional情绪化的
sarcastic嘲讽的 ironical讥讽的 humorous幽默的
indifferent漠不关心的 informative提供信息的 outraged愤怒的
descriptive描述的 explanatory解释的 sympathetic同情的
enthusiastic热情的 cautious小心翼翼的 objective客观的
neutral中性的，不偏不倚的 compromising妥协的 subjective主观的
optimistic乐观的 pessimistic悲观的
请读下面的文章，做态度题：
Exercise 1
Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids（小行星）now； one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it； say some scientists。
Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteorites（流星）that race across the night sky。 Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us。 But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth。
Buy 50 million worth of new telescopes right now。 Then spend 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks。 By the time we spot a fatal one； the scientists say； we’ll have a way to change its course。
Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons。 But the cost wouldn’t be cheap。
Is it worth it？ Two things experts consider when judging any risk are： 1） How likely the event is； and 2） How bad the consequences if the event ocomurs。 Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500；000 years。 Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall； it would be the end of the world。 “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids； they’ll take care of us。 ” says one scientist； “It’s that simple。”
The cure； though； might be worse than the disease。 Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth？ “The world has less to fear from doomsday（毁灭性的）rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them。 ”said a New York Times article。
Q： Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage？
A） Optimistic。 B） Critical。
C） Objective。 D） Arbitrary。
【题目译文】下列选项中哪一项最恰当地表达了作者的态度？
【答案解析】C。纵观全文可发现，文章通篇分析了小行星撞击地球的可能性并探讨其解决方法，没有给出作者自己的观点，都是引用“some scientists”，“the scientists”，“experts”和“a New York Times article”的话，由此可推断出作者的态度是客观的。选项A“乐观的”，B“批判的”，D“武断的”，均不符合题意。
Exercise 2 （2000。12）
Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality； but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool。 I